¿Están los servicios sociales para personas con discapacidad intelectual alineados con el modelo de derechos? Opiniones de las personas, sus familias y profesionales

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Introduction. United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities questions the social policies and support practices that have traditionally been organized for people with disabilities. Its ratification by the Spanish Government in 2008 requires that Spain comply with this regulation. The social services aimed at people with intellectual disabilities, however, have not been significantly transformed in accordance with the new rights paradigm. Understanding the extent to which social services respects the Convention rights model is crucial to guide the transformation of support policies, organisations, and practices. It is essential to collect the opinions of the individuals concerned (people with intellectual disabilities, their families, and professionals) to obtain data on the current situation and to propose guidelines for improvement. The purpose of this study was to explore the degree to which current policies and practices related to social services for people with intellectual disabilities were aligned with the Convention, based on the opinions of people with disabilities, their families, and professionals. Methodology. A mixed methodological approach was developed. On the one hand, an «ad-hoc» questionnaire was applied to 123 professionals; on the other, 5 focus groups took place with people with intellectual disabilities (32 participants) and 3 focus groups with family members (32 participants). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistical techniques, and a thematic content analysis was conducted based on the qualitative results. The results were organized into three topics: social policies design, guidance offered to people with disabilities and their families, and participation of people with disabilities and their families. Results. The participants agreed that the institutional model predominated, and that current practices and policies were difficult to personalize. Also notable was a lack of clear and accessible information for families and people with disabilities. It was found that a flexible model needed to be promoted in accordance with the Convention and that would foster the participation of people with disabilities. They also need to have more control over the support they receive. Discussion. Results were contrasted with previous studies related to social services in Spain. The need to align current policies and practices more closely with the Convention was confirmed. Conclusions. Advancing towards the rights model requires the following measures: a transformation in the social services and a revision of the assessment and diagnosis procedures; exploring person-centred models that guarantee their control over services and supports; ensuring flexible and personalized support, as well as procedures that guarantee the participation of people with disabilities and their families in services and organizations. It is also essential to ensure that all agents receive training on rights (professionals, people with disabilities and their families) ​
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