Innovative graph-theory solutions for the future urban water networks
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Urban water networks serve as lifelines for densely populated areas, ensuring access to clean water for drinking, sanitation, and industrial purposes. These infrastructures form the backbone of urban life. However, in recent years, water science has faced urgent challenges, including the need for wastewater surveillance to detect viruses and the optimization of reclaimed water networks to address water scarcity exacerbated by climate change.
This thesis applies graph theory to address these challenges in urban water networks. Graph theory, which studies mathematical structures composed of nodes and edges, offers innovative strategies for enhancing network surveillance, design, and resilience. Urban water distribution networks are modeled as undirected graphs, while wastewater networks are represented as directed graphs.
The research employs a five-phase methodology: literature review, data acquisition, data preparation, algorithm development, and data analysis. This process automates data gathering and processing, resulting in significant efficiencies. Girona and Lloret de Mar cities serve as case studies for testing and validating the developed algorithms.
One key achievement is the development of a sewage monitoring site selection algorithm, which optimally balances coverage and interference considerations. This algorithm has proven highly beneficial for pandemic management, aiding in the early detection of COVID-19 in wastewater.
After sewage network monitoring, efforts focused on improving network resilience, starting with analyzing tree root impacts on wastewater networks. A tree rearrangement algorithm was created to mitigate pipe failure risks in wastewater networks, yielding significant cost savings despite initial investments.
In reclaimed water distribution networks (WDNs), two novel proposals are presented for designing resilient and cost-effective systems. These proposals compute optimal network designs, delivering reclaimed water up to three times more efficiently than manual planning. The algorithms prioritize resilience and cost savings, leading to substantial water conservation, which is crucial in drought conditions. These solutions are integrated into the REWATnet tool and repository.
This doctoral thesis significantly contributes by integrating computer science, graph theory, and water sciences. It addresses pressing issues from the COVID-19 pandemic to environmental preservation and water scarcity. The innovative algorithms and tools developed enhance the efficiency, accessibility, and sustainability of urban water systems
L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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