Sinhogarismo y salud mental durante la gran recesión (2008-2017): el efecto de la inmigración
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Background: Homelessness, which is a severe social
problem across Europe and on the rise over the past decade, is closely linked to organic and mental health problems. In front of the lack of diagnostic analysis studies
in the Spanish territory, this research aimed to determine
the sociodemographic characteristics of a sample of individuals experiencing homelessness (IEH), to determine the
prevalence of diagnoses of substance use disorders, dual
pathology and other mental disorders and to analyze the
existence of diagnostic differences between IEH born in
the country and immigrant IEH.
Methods: A transversal and observational study was
carried out, based on the analysis of mental health diagnostics of the medical histories of a sample of 1,072 IEH
(453 locals and 619 immigrants) assisted between 2008
and 2017 in mental health services in Girona, northeastern
Spain. For the statistical analysis, Student’s t test was used
to compare means and the chi-squared test was used for
the analysis of qualitative variables. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to establish the predictor variables for the diagnosis of drug addiction and dual
pathology.
Results: IEH showed high rates of mental disorders,
especially psychoactive substances (82.6% of diagnosed
people). 43.9% of IEH showed alcohol dependence as the
reason for their diagnosis, followed by cocaine addiction
and opiates. Foreign born IEH had more diagnoses for alcohol dependence and less for opiates or dual pathology than
spanish born IEH. IEH born in Spain showed a higher vulnerability and received more mental health diagnoses than
immigrant IEH.
Conclusions: Even though immigrant PESS show
more diagnoses for alcohol dependence, PESS born in
Spain show a higher vulnerability and receive more mental
health diagnoses than immigrant PESS. The process of mi- grating seems to establish a difference in the kind of mental
disorders and addictions the PESS collective is prone to