Estudi de l’efecte ambiental en característiques agromorfològiques i qualitatives de l’all de Belltall

Abstract

The aim of this study is to identify optimal areas for the cultivation of Belltall garlic cultivar, preserving its unique characteristics. To achieve this, climate factors, soil types and environmental variables have been considered to select five locations with climate diversity, evaluate their soil compatibility, and the environmental impact both on production and the organoleptic attributes of garlic has been analysed. Defining the extent to which Belltall cultivar can be cultivated could increase the production according to the needs of Belltall Garlic Producers Asociation and consolidate it as a quality emblem linked to its territory. The five selected locations with climate diversity have been: Belltall, Ciutadilla, l’Espluga de Francolí, Figuerola del Camp and Viladecans. The climatic data collected showed significant variations in average temperatures, thermal amplitude, rainfall and hours of cold accumulated between these locations. Belltall was distinguished by having lower temperatures and lower thermal amplitude during winter, conditions that have been positively related to the vegetative development of Belltall cultivar. In terms of soil, relevant differences in organic matter and nutrient content were observed between localities. Belltall was noted for its high content of clay and organic matter, crucial factors for humidity retention and essential nutrients for garlic growth. In addition, it has been highlighted that soil conditions with good drainage and adequate humidity are decisive to prevent diseases and physiopathies such as "all alles" and "all galleric". Agronomic results showed that Belltall garlic genotypes had a higher percentage of viable plants when grown in their native locality, with more suitable sized and weight bulbs. In organoleptic terms, Belltall garlic maintained its unique sensory characteristics, as a softer flavor and less pungency, when grown in Belltall compared to other localities and varieties. In summary, the study underlines the critical importance of preserving Belltall garlic cultivar in its traditional cultivation areas to maintain its quality and authenticity. The differences observed in climatic and edaphological conditions between localities have reaffirmed the need to adapt agricultural practices to ensure the continuity of this unique and valued variety within the Catalan agricultural heritage