Towards the conjugation of plant defence elicitor sequences, metal complexes, polyphenols and bicyclooctanes to biologically active peptides. Design, synthesis and structural elucidation
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ENG- According to the estimates of the United Nations, by the end of this century the world population will exceed 10 million. In this context, society will face several challenges, one of which is food production to satisfy the demand of this growing population. Indeed, it is estimated that plant diseases caused by bacteria account for almost one third of crop losses. On the other hand, an increase in population will also imply an increase in human diseases, cancer being one of those with the highest mortality and global impact. Thus, in this thesis, several compounds have been studied to tackle both problems. The lack of effective treatments for the control of phytopathogens has motivated the search for new compounds, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) being a promising alternative to traditional pesticides. Among the multiple strategies to improve the activity of these peptides, the incorporation of a fatty acid and/or conjugation with a plant defence elicitor sequence stand out. Chapters 3 and 4 of this thesis have focused on the understanding the mechanism of action of these lipopeptides and peptide conjugates from the characterization of their secondary structure by NMR. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men. Based on previous studies in which it was demonstrated that the BN3 peptide allows the internalization of metal complexes in prostate cancer cells, in Chapter 5 a series of metallopeptides derived from BN3 incorporating a photoactivatable iridium(III) complex have been designed and synthesized, as potential agents in targeted photodynamic therapy. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 15% of all breast cancer cases. It is highly aggressive, and the cells do not express receptors that allow targeted therapy. Chapter 6 of this thesis is focused on the design and synthesis of new polyphenolic compounds that could be useful for the treatment of TNBC. On the other hand, the conjugation of polyphenols to AMPs has been studied as a possible treatment against the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. Heterocyclic compounds have been widely used for treatments against multiple diseases. Specifically, 3,8-diazabicyclooctanes are antibiotic and antitumor compounds that can be prepared by a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of a 3-oxydopyrazinium with an alkene. In Chapter 7 of this thesis, the reactivity of a 3-oxidopyrazinium with different acrylates and acrylic acids has been addressed, yielding new heterocyclic compounds that have been fully characterized. Furthermore, these 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of 3-oxydopyraziniums have been carried out in solid phase for the conjugation of bicyclooctanes to peptide sequences
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