Intervencions infermeres per a les dones amb càncer de mama intervingudes de mastectomia: revisió bibliogràfica

Rigo Jaume, Aina
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Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the whole world, for this reason, it is essential to know which interventions are indicated to follow as nurses to improve the condition of the women affected. More specifically, the process of undergoing a mastectomy it is a very important change that has a big impact on the person's physical, psychological and emotional health, causing intense pain and also an important change for one's body image. Purpose: The main objective of the bibliographic review carried out below is to find out which interventions that currently exist can be used to improve the quality of life of women undergoing mastectomy according to the maximum available scientific evidence. In addition to this main objective, specific objectives are also proposed: 1) Identify educational activities and interventions; 2) Know the beneficial complementary therapies to reduce symptoms; 3) Study the differences between current rehabilitation programs; 4) Find techniques and methods to improve the care provided; and 5) Explore additional drugs that may be administered. Method: A bibliographic review was carried out in the following databases: Scopus, Pubmed, ScienceDirect and Dialnet, from which articles published in the last five years were selected through the use of various MeSH terms. The terms used are, “Mastectomy”, “Nursing”, “Care” and “Clinical trial”. All the articles selected to be part of this review meet the selected inclusion and exclusion criteria, in addition to responding to the chosen objectives. Results: A sample of fourteen clinical trials related to the objectives, published between 2019 and the present, was obtained. Four of these related to the educational interventions that can be carried out, two to complementary therapies and another three to the rehabilitation programs that can be carried out. Followed by three clinical trials that deal with techniques and methods to improve nursing care, and finally, the last two articles talked about the additional drugs that can be administered. Conclusions: There are many interventions that can be carried out by nurses to improve the condition of women with breast cancer before or after undergoing a mastectomy. Each of these brings a different point of view, but they have a common thread which is the well-being of women. For all this, it is necessary to know the different options that exist and to obtain a good education for the nurses on these subjects in order to improve and achieve the best possible care. This way the women affected could have the maximum knowledge about what they are living and achieve the best physical and psychological health possible ​
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