Intervencions infermeres per a les dones amb càncer de mama intervingudes de mastectomia: revisió bibliogràfica
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Background: Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in the whole world, for this
reason, it is essential to know which interventions are indicated to follow as nurses to improve
the condition of the women affected. More specifically, the process of undergoing a mastectomy
it is a very important change that has a big impact on the person's physical, psychological and
emotional health, causing intense pain and also an important change for one's body image.
Purpose: The main objective of the bibliographic review carried out below is to find out which
interventions that currently exist can be used to improve the quality of life of women undergoing
mastectomy according to the maximum available scientific evidence. In addition to this main
objective, specific objectives are also proposed: 1) Identify educational activities and
interventions; 2) Know the beneficial complementary therapies to reduce symptoms; 3) Study the
differences between current rehabilitation programs; 4) Find techniques and methods to improve
the care provided; and 5) Explore additional drugs that may be administered.
Method: A bibliographic review was carried out in the following databases: Scopus, Pubmed,
ScienceDirect and Dialnet, from which articles published in the last five years were selected
through the use of various MeSH terms. The terms used are, “Mastectomy”, “Nursing”, “Care”
and “Clinical trial”. All the articles selected to be part of this review meet the selected inclusion
and exclusion criteria, in addition to responding to the chosen objectives.
Results: A sample of fourteen clinical trials related to the objectives, published between 2019
and the present, was obtained. Four of these related to the educational interventions that can be
carried out, two to complementary therapies and another three to the rehabilitation programs that
can be carried out. Followed by three clinical trials that deal with techniques and methods to
improve nursing care, and finally, the last two articles talked about the additional drugs that can
be administered.
Conclusions: There are many interventions that can be carried out by nurses to improve the
condition of women with breast cancer before or after undergoing a mastectomy. Each of these
brings a different point of view, but they have a common thread which is the well-being of
women. For all this, it is necessary to know the different options that exist and to obtain a good
education for the nurses on these subjects in order to improve and achieve the best possible
care. This way the women affected could have the maximum knowledge about what they are
living and achieve the best physical and psychological health possible
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