“Divide et impera”: conectividad y dinámicas de conflicto en occidente durante la República Romana (ss. III – II a.C.)
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This PhD thesis conducts an examination of Roman expansionism in the Western Mediterranean during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BC, adopting a distinctive approach based upon connectivity as its pivotal role in historical analysis. As a result, I have scrutinized several historical events by attributing an organic nature to the ancient Mediterranean and featuring it as a functional 'network.' Essentially, such a network revolves around a particular space wherein the myriad societies comprising it interacted and mutually influenced each other, producing a discernible 'structure' or ‘order in power’. The Roman Republic is here considered as merely a single component within this intricate system. Consequently, I attribute an autonomous and self-sustaining quality to the rest of polities also sharing the same geopolitical space.
In the light of this perspective, it is my aim to transcend the conventional bipolar model which primarily centres on the examination of conflicts between Rome and Carthage. Instead, this dissertation focuses on the internal dynamics of the system. Therefore, in my view political decision-making capacity is conferred upon the 'other' entities, in order to better understand the disruption of the Mediterranean 'equilibrium' and the emergence of a new order led by Rome's hegemony.
A meticulous analysis of the available historical evidence reveals that the Roman Republic pursued an active foreign policy, challenging the traditional view of a unilateral expansionism too often portrayed as a series of wars. Consequently, in this PhD thesis I explore several forms of extending Rome’s hegemony over the West, with a particular focus on enemies’ internal discord, manipulation of local and regional conflicts, and participation in 'fault line wars.' Namely, interventions where Rome claimed the presumed existence of bonds with a third party through shared values, cultural affinities, or identity motivations.
To accomplish this, while not neglecting Roman interests, we adopt a 'multipolar' approach that takes into account the active roles of other involved actors
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