Posible rol de las neuregulinas en la fisiología del tejido adiposo en asociación con obesidad y diabetes mellitus tipo 2
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Different studies link the metabolic alterations of obesity with imbalances in neuregulin 4 levels. In this study we hypothesize that signaling of neuregulin isoforms (NRG) produced through ERBB receptors in human adipose tissue could impact on adipose tissue physiology and insulin sensitivity in obese patients. To test this hypothesis, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between neuregulins and ERBB receptors in adipose tissue and circulating NRG4 with obesity and insulin sensitivity in humans. The results obtained indicated that NRG4 mRNA was significantly elevated in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) compared to subcutaneous (SAT), positively correlated with BMI and thermogenic markers and negatively correlated with adipogenic and inflammatory genes. In SAT, NRG4 was negatively correlated with insulin resistance and positively correlated with the gene expression of UCP1, UCP3 and TMEM26, which are browning markers of white adipose tissue. Serum NRG4 levels were positively correlated with insulin resistance and inflammatory markers. In vitro experiments in HepG2 demonstrated that the administration of recombinant human NRG1 and NRG4 reduced mitochondrial respiration and the expression of genes related to gluconeogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Next, we analyzed the association between other neuregulins and ERBB receptors, and we observed a significant increase in the expression of ERBB2 and ERBB4 in obesity and an association of EGFR and NRG2 with adipogenic genes regardless of obesity. Indeed, EGFR silencing in human adipocytes negatively impact adipogenesis, while NRG2 overexpression increases the expression of some adipogenic genes
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