L’estigma social i l’adherència terapèutica en persones amb esquizofrènia: projecte de recerca
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Background: Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder, which according to
the WHO, is affected by about 24 million people, of whom the cause is not known.
This is part of psychotic mental disorders, which are characterized by affecting
thought, emotions, and behaviours consequently altering perception of reality.
To be diagnosed with schizophrenia, according to the DSMV manual, at least two
of the symptoms must be presented for a month minimum. It must exhibit social
or occupational dysfunction. The duration of cognitive signs must be at least 6
months including at least one with active symptoms and the rest with prodromal
or residual symptoms. Its symptoms can be positive symptomatology, negative
symptomatology, and cognitive symptoms.
We find three possible treatments. Pharmacological treatment, electroconvulsive
therapy (TEC) and psychotherapy are found.
Stigma, which is defined as the set of negative beliefs, attitudes and feelings
towards a minority group, is usually present in people diagnosed with
schizophrenia. Studies show that schizophrenia suffers more prejudice than other
mental illnesses.
Therapeutic adherence is defined by the WHO as,’ the degree to which a person
performs medication taking, makes changes in lifestyles and follows a food
regime, according to the recommendations of a health care officer’. This, in
people with the diagnosis of schizophrenia, is very low as demonstrated in
different studies.
Stigmatization of mental health is one of the main causes contributing to the lack
of therapeutic adhesion. This gives rise to more hospital income numbers.
The role of nurses, who occasionally serve a person with the diagnosis of
schizophrenia, involves from caring for the person with some mental disorder to
educating them to promote their health. It is they who can manage to minimise
the negative impact of prejudice and achieve good therapeutic adherence