DUGiDocsL’activitat física com a factor de protecció de la malaltia asmàtica: revisió bibliogràfica
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Introduction: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the respiratory tract
that results in a progressive loss of lung function with episodes of dyspnoea,
cough, intercostal pull, and chest tightness. It affects around 334 million people
worldwide and, in our country there are about 3 million people who suffer from the
disease with a growing trend. Today, the population still considers that the practice
of physical activity in asthmatics is contraindicated because it is believed to
worsen the symptoms, but it has been identified that it has a completely opposite
effect. Improves cardiopulmonary capacity leading to a better quality of life (QoL)
and reduces the prevalence of asthma in children and adults. Objectives: To
describe the benefits of physical activity in asthmatics; both physiological and
mental and determine which physical exercise is more efficient to prevent an
asthmatic crisis. Methodology: A literature review was performed on the Medline
PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL and SciELO databases. The keywords to
perform the search were: "asthma", "exercise", "physical activity", "respiratory
function" and "lung function". The inclusion criteria of the review were: evidence
published between 2015 and 2020; articles in English, Spanish and Catalan; full-
text, open-access text that includes populations of all ages and focuses on the
relationship between physical activity and asthma. Articles that do not meet the
objective of the review and evidence developed with animals were excluded.
Results: 13 articles were included in the review. The selected articles present the
following methodological designs: 1 literature review, 2 case studies and controls,
1 systematic review, 1 prospective study, 2 randomized controlled trials, 1
longitudinal study, 1 systematic review and meta-analysis, 3 controlled trials and 1
clinical review. Conclusions: Aerobic training improves clinical control of asthma,
reduces lung inflammation and increases cardiorespiratory condition by preventing
the onset of diseases such as obesity and mental illness in the case of children. It
should be added that the results confirm that anxiety is linked to daily physical
activity. However, the practice of sport leads to an improvement in the QoL of
asthmatics. For these reasons, exercise should be prescribed as part of the
treatment of asthma
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