El consentimiento sexual en el Código Penal de 1995. Evolución normativa del consentimiento en los delitos contra la libertad sexual: del enfoque comisivo a su consagración normativa en un modelo afirmativo

Ramírez Antúnez, Elisa
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This Bachelor's Thesis aims to systematically examine the evolution of the legal framework for consent in the context of crimes against sexual freedom within the Spanish criminal legal system. The first part analyzes the typological model established in the 1995 Criminal Code, characterized by a dogmatic construction focused on the means of commission and by the absence of an explicit legal definition of consent, which led to significant jurisprudential dysfunctions. The second part examines the shift in this paradigm following the enactment of Organic Law 10/2022 on Guarantee of Sexual Freedom, which establishes affirmative consent as a structural and defining element of the criminal offense, thus displacing the traditional approach based on the means of commission. This work examines, with particular attention, the dogmatic implications arising from the treatment of tacit consent, the vitiating factors of consent, mistake of fact, and the problems of normative specification surrounding its expression. Finally, it studies the normative impact of the subsequent Organic Law 4/2023, assessing the extent to which this reform could entail a shift from consent to the means of commission as the core of the crime ​
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