Integrating ecological complexity and physiological traits into environmental risk assessments

Khalid, Amina
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ENG- This thesis explored a more nature-based way to test chemical pollution, using a chemical called Benzotriazole-1H (BTR-1H), commonly found in industrial products and known to end up in rivers. Here's how the study unfolded 1. The Lab Test First, the chemical was tested on tiny zebrafish embryos in a controlled lab setting, like the tests regulators use. This gave a basic idea of how toxic the chemical is because the embryos were subjected to BTR-1H without the presence of additional species or heat. The water was maintained and the temperature and all other parameters that influence the life of fish were maintained. 2. A Mini-Ecosystem Test Next, things got more interesting. The study created a small-scale version of a stream using fish and natural biofilms (those slimy layers you find on river rocks, we scraped them off from the rocks collected from clean rivers). They might seem gross or slippery, but biofilms are actually really helpful. They make oxygen, help clean the water, and even reduce the danger of pollution. This experiment showed that when biofilms were missing or harmed, the fish struggled to stay healthy. It proved that pollution doesn’t just affect animals, it can also hurt the natural systems that protect them. 3. The Heatwave Test In the third experiment, fish were exposed to both the chemical and high temperatures, similar to what might happen during a summer heatwave. This double whammy made the chemical even more dangerous, showing how stress from climate change can worsen the effects of pollution. 4. The Real World Check Finally, the study looked at a native fish species (Barbus meridionalis) living in a real, metal-contaminated river. The fish were struggling to meet their energy needs, a sign of poor health and high environmental stress. This confirmed that lab findings could match what happens in nature ​
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