Essays on the effects of school-meal programmes

Lado, Samuel
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ENG- Despite the growing body of research on the causal impact of school-meal programmes, the academic literature has yet to reach a consensus on their effects. This thesis contributes to the debate through a synthesis of the available evidence and the analysis of two specific case studies: the school-meal subsidies programme in the city of Barcelona and a universal, free programme implemented in England. Firstly, we analyse studies that investigate the causal effects of school-meal programmes on children’s behaviour, health and educational outcomes in developed countries. This is done through meta-analysis, a technique that combines the results of different research studies and allows for the correction of potential publication bias — that is, the tendency to give greater visibility to studies with intuitive findings. The results indicate that school meals have a limited impact children’s outcomes We also document that means-tested and school-breakfast initiatives yield the greatest benefits for children’s outcomes. Secondly, we study the effect of school-meal subsidies on academic achievement in the city of Barcelona. We compare students who receive the subsidy with those who do not but apply for the programme based on a family income threshold. Our analysis focuses on students around this threshold, who share very similar socio-economic characteristics and are therefore comparable. The results indicate that pupils receiving a school-meal subsidy achieve better grades in Catalan, particularly those attending low-complexity schools, where Catalan is more prevalent. The subsidy enables children to spend more time at school and to socialise with wealthier Catalan-speaking peers. Lastly, we examine the case of England, where we analyse the effects of a transition from a means-tested school-meal programme, such as that of the city of Barcelona, to a universal one offering free school meals to children aged 4 to 7, on parents’ labour market outcomes. The results indicate that universal free school meals increase the probability of mothers working by 4.5 percentage points, while no significant effects are observed for fathers. The effects are particularly pronounced for single mothers, those in households where the father is employed and those whose children were previously eligible under the means-tested scheme. Although the thesis finds that the average effect of school-meal programmes in developed countries is limited, it points to the importance of context to better understand the key elements of a successful school-meal programme. The dissertation also shows that, in the cases of Barcelona and England, such initiatives contribute to educational success and help reduce social and gender inequalities ​
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