Adscribir y reaccionar. Una concepción interpersonal sobre responsabilidad

Figueroa Rubio, Sebastián
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ENG- The investigation is centered in the concept of responsibility and its main objective is to perform a reconstruction of it. Because it is a basic concept in Legal Theory, several problems are encountered by whoever wants to address it. First, because it is used in many different contexts in different ways, being necessary a clarification about the different senses in which expressions such as “responsibility” and “being responsible” are used, as are the relations between them. Secondly, because coming from different philosophical grounds, divergent ways of understanding responsibility emerge. This urges for an identification and clarification of the conceptions adopted by different philosophers and the place that the concept of responsibility has in them. In this thesis, both needs are satisfied under the hypothesis that they are connected and it moves forward the development of an interpersonal and reactive conception of responsibility. It is interpersonal, because it suggests that a satisfactory way of understanding responsibility is by assuming it stands from elements of social life that cannot be reduced to individually considered persons, but constituted from the relations between them. It is reactive because, in contrast with the predominant ideas about it in the last centuries on the topic, it is defended that reactions (i.e. sanctions in a wide sense understood as expressions of reactive attitudes) are constitutive of responsibility practices. The structure of this work is composed by three parts. The first one introduces the object of study and the discussions around it. The main meanings which expressions as “being responsible” or “responsibility” have are assessed, and a discussion of which of those meanings is primary is introduced. In the second part, the grounds of this debate are examined, by studying the philosophical postulates adopted by the participants of that debate, and also the doctrines in which their postulates rely on. Particularly, two conceptions are identified: an intrapersonal one or agent-based and an interpersonal one or practice- based. In the third part, it is proposed a way of understanding responsibility based on its structure as an exchange between persons, where relations between action of ascribing and reacting play a central role ​
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