Efecte de l’antropització de l’hàbitat sobre les comunitats d’ocells a la comunitat de San Rafael, Loreto - Perú

Abstract

During the month of August 2022, auditory and visual censuses were carried out in two stretches one kilometer apart located in the community of San Rafael, Peru. There is no previous data on the birds in this place and, therefore, the study carried out is of great relevance. Two areas of study have been differentiated; the forest area and the anthropogenic area, located next to the Amazon River. The relationship between the effect of anthropization of the habitat, the richness and the composition of species has been evaluated based on the data collected in the censuses. It was possible to register a total

of 1340 individuals distributed in 40 families and 118 species, in the forest area the composition of birds is made up of 32 families, 79 species and 500 individuals. The most abundant species is Aratinga weddelli, representing 10% of the total with 50 individuals recorded out of a total of 500. On the other hand, in the anthropized area, there are a total of 35 families, 89 species and 840 individuals have been counted. The most abundant species is Brotogeris sanctithomae, representing 11.9%, 100 individuals registered of a total of 840. The results show that the area with more human disturbance have more families, more species and more individuals compared to the less impacted forest area. It has been shown that the more effort in sampling, the greater the accumulation of species. A greater number of species are counted in the morning, but there are species that are only observed in the afternoon, for this reason this time slot cannot be ignored, but the effort in the number of samples can be reduced because the accumulation stabilizes with few samplings.

Significant differences in richness have been found between both areas. In the anthropized zone, despite having greater richness, the community is dominated by a few species, and many species are found in very minority abundances. On the other hand, in the forest area, the abundance is maintained more gradually. There is a moderate overlap in existing bird species between the two areas, however, there are exclusive species for each habitat. It has also been detected that both areas present a moderate-high diversity. To conclude, a total of 7 alimentation types were registered, the most abundant in number of species in the two areas was the insectivore and the omnivore.

So, the results have shown a positive effect of the anthropization of the habitat in this specific case