Impacts of diffuse urban stressors on stream benthic communities and ecosystem functioning: A review

Colls Lozano, Miriam
Viza, Aida
Zufiarre, Aitziber
Camacho-Santamans, Alba
Laini, Alex
Filipe, Ana Filipa
Pérez-Calpe, Ana Victoria
Lupon, Anna
Santamans, Anna C.
Pradhan, Arunava
Espinosa Angona, Carmen
Vera Trujillo, Carmen
Mendoza-Lera, Clara
Bruno, Daniel
Mercado-Bettín, Daniel
Morant, Daniel
Batista, Daniela
Graça, Diana
Vico Oton, Eduard
Estévez, Edurne
Leon-Palmero, Elizabeth
Suarez, Ena Lucia
Fenoy, Encarnación
Lima, Eva
Picazo, Félix
Oficialdegui, Francisco J.
Keck, François
Sabas, Ibor
Pérez-Silos, Ignacio
Antunes, Ilisa
Guzmán, Ioar de
Fernandes, Isabel
Pereira da Silva, Janine
Jing Wei
Montes-Pérez, Jorge Juan
Trabulo, José
Ledesma, José L. J.
Ramião, José Pedro
Rubio-Rios, Juan
iménez Carro, Laura
Vendrell Puigmitja, Lidia
Bertrans, Lluís
Gómez Gener, Lluís
Rovelli, Lorenzo
Thuile Bistarelli, Lukas
Sanchez Morales, Marc
Cabrerizo, Marco J.
Aranguren-Gassis, Maria
Argudo Fernández, Maria
Navarro- Ramos, Maria J.
Atristain, Miren
López-Rojo, Naiara
Valiente, Nicolás
Perujo Buxeda, Núria
Pereda, Olatz
Llanos Paez, Oriana Lucia
Belmar, Oscar
Tascón- Peña, Osvaldo
Rodríguez Lozano, Pablo
Sánchez de Pedro, Raquel
Arias del Real, Rebeca
Bolpagni, Rossano
Campo, Rubén del
Poblador, Sílvia
Guareschi, Simone
Hilgert, Stephan
Duarte, Sofia
Rodriguez Castillo, Tamara
Chonova, Teofana
Conejo Orosa, Teresa
Céspedes, Vanessa
Granados Pérez, Verónica
Osorio, Víctor
Vázquez, Víctor
Martín-Vélez, Víctor
Romero Blanch, Ferran
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Catchment urbanisation results in urban streams being exposed to a multitude of stressors. Notably, stressors originating from diffuse sources have received less attention than stressors originating from point sources. Here, advances related to diffuse urban stressors and their consequences for stream benthic communities are summarised by reviewing 92 articles. Based on the search criteria, the number of articles dealing with diffuse urban stressors in streams has been increasing, and most of them focused on North America, Europe, and China. Land use was the most common measure used to characterize diffuse stressor sources in urban streams (70.7 % of the articles characterised land use), and chemical stressors (inorganic nutrients, xenobiotics, metals, and water properties, including pH and conductivity) were more frequently reported than physical or biological stressors. A total of 53.3 % of the articles addressed the impact of urban stressors on macroinvertebrates, while 35.9 % focused on bacteria, 9.8 % on fungi, and 8.7 % on algae. Regarding ecosystem functions, almost half of the articles (43.5 %) addressed changes in community dynamics, 40.3 % addressed organic matter decomposition, and 33.9 % addressed nutrient cycling. When comparing urban and non-urban streams, the reviewed studies suggest that urbanisation negatively impacts the diversity of benthic organisms, leading to shifts in community composition. These changes imply functional degradation of streams. The results of the present review summarise the knowledge gained to date and identify its main gaps to help improve our understanding of urban streams ​
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