Automatització de la interacció amb portals de distribuı̈dores elèctriques

Abstract

Per entendre el sector de l’energ´ıa el`ectrica tal i com el coneixem actualment a Espanya cal fer un salt enrere fins al 28 de novembre 1997, quan es publica la llei 54/1997[6] que d´ona inici al que anomenem la liberalitzaci´o del mercat el`ectric amb l’objectiu de fer el sector m´es competitiu en termes de preu i servei. Abans d’aix`o, els grans grups empresarials feien de forma ´ıntegra la generaci´o, distribuci´o i comercialitzaci´o de l’energ´ıa el`ectrica. A partir de la liberalitzaci´o, el mercat el`ectric es va dividir en quatre activitats: • Producci´o: Lloc de generaci´o de l’energia (centrals de gas natural, nuclears, planters solars, hidroel`ectriques, etc.) • Transport: Xarxa de alta tensi´o. Aquesta activitat la de desenvolupa exclusivament Red El´ectrica Espa˜nola (REE), qui es responsabilitza del desenvolupament i manteniment d’aquesta xarxa. • Distribuci´o: Aquesta activitat est`a regulada per l’estat i ´es aquest qui assigna a cada zona geogr`afica una ´unica empresa distribu¨ıdora. Es la responsable de fer arribar l’energia fins ´ als nuclis urbans. Tanmateix, son les responsables dels punts de subministre CUPS del que parlem m´es endavant amb m´es detall. • Comercialitzaci´o: Les empreses comercialitzadores s’encarreguen de comprar energia el`ectrica per els seus consumidors. La compra d’aquesta es fa al Mercat El`ectric que ´es gestionat per un operador independent: OMIE. Aquesta activitat ´es de lliure compet`encia, i existeixen m´ultiples empreses acreditades per la Comissi´o Nacional dels Mercats i la Compet`encia m´es coneguda per les sigles CNMC

To understand the electricity sector as we currently know it in Spain you need to do one jump back to November 28, 1997, when Law 54/1997[6] was published, which initiated what we call the liberalization of the electricity market with the aim of making the sector more competitive in price and service terms. Before that, the large business groups did the generation, distribution and commercialization of electricity in an integrated way. After the liberalization, the electricity market was divided into four activities: • Production: Place of energy generation (natural gas, nuclear, solar plants, hydroelectric, etc.) • Transport: High voltage network. This activity is developed exclusively by Red El´ectrica Espa˜nola (REE), which is responsible for its development and maintenance net. • Distribution: This activity is regulated by the state and it is the one who assigns to each zone geographically a single distribution company. It is responsible for bringing the energy to ´ in urban areas. However, they are responsible for the CUPS supply points let's talk later in more detail. • Marketing: Marketing companies are responsible for buying electricity for their consumers. The purchase of this is made at the Electric Market which is managed by an independent operator: OMIE. This activity is free competition, and they exist multiple companies accredited by the National Markets and Competition Commission known by the acronym CNMC