Physiological role of mitochondrial and plasma membrane channels in sperm

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The spermatozoon is a highly specialised cell that travels along the female reproductive tract to deliver its genetic information into the oocyte. During this journey, the interaction with the varying environment is crucial for sperm capacitation, which is a process they must go through to acquire effective fertilising ability and culminates in the acrosome reaction. Cryopreservation, which is the most efficient procedure for long-term storage of sperm, also challenges these cells because of the drastic changes in extracellular medium composition. The exchange of water and other molecules across the plasma membrane, but also across intracellular membranes are essential for the adaptation to extracellular media. Water permeability is facilitated by aquaporins (AQPs), a family of water channels whose main function is linked to volume regulation. Different groups of AQPs have been identified to date: orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins (GLPs) and superAQPs. Voltage-gated proton channel (HV1 or HVCN1) allows proton flow through the plasma membrane, which is linked to intracellular pH and regulates capacitation-associated events. Finally, although different types of K+ channels are present in sperm, the SLO subfamily of channels seems to be highly relevant. Essentially, K+ channels regulate plasma membrane potential, which is linked to capacitation-related events. The involvement in mammalian sperm capacitation and cryopreservation of these three types of channels (AQPs, HV1 and K+ channels) was investigated in this Dissertation ​
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