Pràctica infermera i errors de medicació en l’àmbit de la pediatria hospitalària: revisió bibliogràfica
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Introduction: mediation errors, produced by human faults or the system, cause
damage to the patient, increase their morbidity, as well as health care costs. The
pediatric inpatient has a very high risk of suffering due, among others, to his
differences with the adult in pharmacokinetic parameters and, also, to the lack of
availability of exclusively pediatric medication and dosage presentations.
Objective: Identifying major medication errors in the field of hospital pediatrics
committed by nurse professionals and analysing their causes, as well as the
preventative measures being carried out to prevent them.
Methodology: Bibliography revision. Cinahl, PubMed, and SciELO databases
have been revised during the months of December 2021 and April 2022 (both
included).
Results: for this review, a total of 16 articles have been analysed in the review,
including 1 clinical trial, 2 systematic reviews, 1 retrospective cohort study, 3
quasi-experimental studies, 6 descriptive studies and 3 mixed method studies.
Conclusions: Analysis of studies has shown that errors committed by nurse
professionals are mainly administration and preparation, with the main cause
being those caused by dosage errors. The most affected age groups are under
the age of five, especially babies and infants. With regard to risk factors, lack of
knowledge, anti-infectious drugs and, above all, interruptions, there is a
significant increase in errors. Finally, the main preventive strategies are personal
awareness of errors, training in doses calculation and adherence to safety
protocols. The preparation of medication in separate rooms to reduce interrupts
and the establishment of meetings to pool the errors produced have also reduced
their incidence