Producción, caracterización y aplicación de nanofibras procedentes de pulpas de alto rendimiento con elevado contenido de lignina

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Nanocellulose is a sustainable nanomaterial with outstanding physico-mechanical properties, a fact that confers the nanomaterial a huge potential in sectors such as the papermaking, nanocomposites, aerogels for selective solvent removal, hydrogels for controlled drug delivery, substrates for printed electronics and rheological modifiers, among others. The production of nanocellulose has traditionally been based on the use of cellulosic fibers delignified by chemical pulping processes. These treatments remove most of the lignin and also reduce the hemicellulose content, achieving mass yields close to 50%. On the contrary, thermomechanical pulping processes, in which the use of chemical agents is avoided, preserve the chemical composition of the raw material, thus reaching yields greater than 95%. In this context, and with the aim of keeping the nanocellulose sector as sustainable as possible, thermomechanical fibers are considered a more economical and environmentally friendly option than highly delignified fibers. Furthermore, the elevated presence of lignin could boost the mechanical destructuring of the fibers and confer additional properties to the resulting nanomaterial due to the partially hydrophobic nature of lignin. ​
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