Repercussió de la síndrome alcohòlica fetal a l’edat escolar: revisió bibliogràfica

Amoreti Lozano, Adrià
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Introduction: The consumption of alcohol during pregnancy can produce disorders in the fetus, what we call the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. In this spectre, fetal alcohol syndrome is the most common disorder caused by the consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. This disorder affects diagnosed infants throughout their lives producing physical, psychological, and social consequences. It is important to determine the impact of this disorder in order to avoid the increase, apart from determining different interventions to reduce the consequences of the affected infants. Objectives: Analyze the consequences of fetal alcohol syndrome in school (6-12 years), as well as nursing care for children who suffer from it and their families. Material and methods: In order to carry out this work, a bibliographic search was carried out from January 2022 to March 2022 (both inclusive), using different databases: Pubmed, PsycInfo and SCOPUS. Results: A total of 15 items have been selected. These include: 1 systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 cohort study, 3 literature reviews, 1 clinical trial, 3 cross-sectional descriptive studies, 1 longitudinal descriptive study and 5 experimental studies. Conclusions: Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, more specifically fetal alcohol syndrome, does not have a standardized treatment plan or a specific intervention protocol, but each child must be assessed individually in order to know their strengths and weaknesses and treat the pathology in the best way. Early diagnosis of this syndrome can help both professionals and families to better understand the difficulties a child may experience throughout his or her life. Although there are no standardized care plans, there are different educational and / or behavioral programs to address the adverse effects of this syndrome on affected children. Finally, it is important to provide a calm and comfortable environment for children diagnosed with this syndrome, and for their immediate environment to know its main features in order to promote and help their development ​
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