Physiological role of sperm and seminal plasma proteins along the female reproductive tract in livestock

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In Spain, as well as in the rest of Europe, livestock farming represents a substantial part of economy; thus, it is necessary to ensure an optimal breeding of the main farm animals, including swine and cattle. In order to improve the reproductive performance of the aforementioned species, it is crucial to understand which physiological processes take place after ejaculation. Upon ejaculation, semen results from mixing sperm and a fluid known as seminal plasma. During their passage throughout the female reproductive tract, sperm interact with female tissues/fluids and undergo a maturational process known as sperm capacitation, which is essential for the subsequent fertilisation of the oocyte. Taken this into account, the aim of this Dissertation was to study the role of sperm and seminal plasma proteins in the regulation of sperm capacitation, as well as how they modulate the female genital tract. To this end, three studies focused on pig sperm capacitation were conducted. The first study was centred on the involvement of plasma membrane channels, which allow the movement of molecules that modulate the transduction pathways related to sperm capacitation. The second study suggested that levels of PARK7 protein could be related to a better sperm resilience to the oxidative stress generated during capacitation. Finally, the third study found that the presence of seminal plasma during liquid storage affected the subsequent ability of sperm to elicit capacitation, delaying this process. On the other hand, a fourth study was conducted to investigate the modulation of the female tract environment by seminal plasma and/or sperm in species with intravaginal ejaculation, using the bovine as a model. In summary, both seminal plasma and intrinsic sperm proteins were observed to play a key function in the regulation of sperm capacitation. Moreover, the modulation of the female environment was reported to rely upon the ejaculate deposition site. In the case of species with intravaginal ejaculation, like cattle, the role of sperm appeared to be more relevant than that of seminal plasma. Further studies, however, are needed to determine whether intrinsic sperm proteins or those acquired from seminal plasma exert such a modulatory function. Taken collectively, one can conclude that the regulation of physiological processes taking place after ejaculation in the female reproductive tract is species-specific, and depends on each reproductive strategy. Yet, further research on the regulatory role of sperm and seminal plasma proteins is needed before improvements in the field of assisted reproduction in farm animals and humans may be implemented ​
​L'accés als continguts d'aquesta tesi queda condicionat a l'acceptació de les condicions d'ús establertes per la següent llicència Creative Commons: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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