Drivers of variability in disinfection by-product formation potential in a chain of thermally stratified drinking water reservoirs
dc.contributor.author
dc.date.accessioned
2022-06-27T06:58:43Z
dc.date.available
2022-06-27T06:58:43Z
dc.date.issued
2022-05-01
dc.identifier.uri
dc.description.abstract
Eutrophication, run-off and wastewater inputs to lakes have been identified as significant sources of disinfection by-product (DBPs) precursors, which are suspected carcinogens, in chlor(am)inated water. However, studies addressing the impacts of reservoirs and thermal stratification on DBP precursors are scarce. We conducted a seasonal study along a river–reservoir interconnected system, to investigate the effects of hydraulic residence time (HRT), thermal stratification, and seasonality on the levels and speciation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous DBP formation potential (FP) in source waters. Formation of 4 trihalomethanes (THMs), 4 haloacetonitriles (HANs), 2 haloketones and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) was measured on filtered lake water. Total THMs (TTHMs) FP was below 93 μg L−1, of which 59–87% of it was trichloromethane (TCM). Formation of dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), 1,1,1-trichloropropanone (TCP), and NDMA was under 12 μg L−1, 13 μg L−1 and 73 ng L−1, respectively. The FP of the remaining DBPs was under 2 μg L−1. While the effect of depth on DBP FP was insignificant, inter-system and seasonal effects were conspicuous. The most significant variable affecting DBP formation was season, where carbonaceous DBP FP was higher in autumn and summer than in winter. TTHM FP ranged from a 160% median increase in the river upstream of the reservoirs, to a 31% median increase in the last reservoir of the system, from winter to summer. On the contrary, NDMA FP ranged from a 145% median decrease in the river upstream of the reservoirs to an 11% median decrease in the middle reservoir, from winter to summer. TTHMs FP increased from the river upstream of the reservoirs to the last reservoir of the system (40.6% median increase), whereas the opposite trend was also observed for NDMA FP (63% median decrease)
dc.description.sponsorship
This project has received funding from the European Union's
Horizon 2020 research and Innovation Programme under the
Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 722518. The
authors thank Generalitat de Catalunya through Consolidated
Research Groups ICRA_ENV 2017SGR1124 and ICRA_Tech
2017SGR1318. ICRA researchers thank funding from the
CERCA program. MJF acknowledges her Ramón y Cajal
fellowship (RyC-2015-17108), from the AEI-MICIU
dc.format.mimetype
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Royal Society of Chemistry
dc.relation
RYC-2015-17108
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Reproducció digital del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1EW00788B
dc.relation.ispartof
Environmental Science: Water Research and Technology, 2022, vol. 8, núm. 5, p. 968-980
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Articles publicats (ICRA)
dc.rights
Attribution 4.0 International
dc.rights.uri
dc.title
Drivers of variability in disinfection by-product formation potential in a chain of thermally stratified drinking water reservoirs
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.rights.accessRights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.relation.projectID
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/H2020/722518/EU/Management of Climatic Extreme Events in Lakes Reservoirs for the Protection of Ecosystem Services/MANTEL
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MINECO//RYC-2015-17108/ES/RYC-2015-17108/
dc.type.version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.identifier.doi
dc.contributor.funder
dc.type.peerreviewed
peer-reviewed
dc.relation.FundingProgramme
dc.relation.ProjectAcronym
dc.identifier.eissn
2053-1400