Subtle effects control the polymerisation mechanism in α-diimine iron catalysts

Abstract

α-diimine iron complexes have been suggested to catalyse polymerisation via two distinct pathways, depending on the spin state of the iron complex. Here, we study a typical complex of this family, R'[N,N]FeCl2, with [N,N] = Cy-N=CR'-CR'=N-Cy (Cy=cyclohexyl, R'=PhF (para-fluorophenyl), PhOMe (para-methoxyphenyl), PhNMe2 (para-dimethylaminophenyl). With R'=PhF, PhOMe, polymerisation proceeds as a catalytic chain transfer (CCT) mechanism, with R'=PhNMe2, the polymerisation follows an atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) pathway. Contrary to previous suggestions, we show that the spin-states of the complexes involved are not affected by the R' group. Instead, the different behaviour arises from a subtle interplay between the electron-withdrawing or donating character of the reasonably distant phenyl substituent and the iron centre, and small but crucial differences in the reorganisation energies effected during the reactions