La hidroteràpia en el treball de part: revisió bibliogràfica

Ferrer Marí, Marta
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Introduction: the last few years, the path towards maximum humanisation of parturition has been opened and the use of non-pharmacological and non-invasive techniques is key to achieving this. In this case, hydrotherapy during parturition is a non-pharmacological method that brings various benefits to both the mother and the swimmer, although, like other techniques, it can lead to complications. The use of hydrotherapy must be accompanied by support from the correct health personnel, informing the woman both before and during the process, so that it is a safe and effective technique. Objectives: Describe the physical and psychological benefits of hydrotherapy during parturition work for the mother. Knowing the benefits of hydrotherapy during labour for the baby's adaptation to extra-uterine life. Methodology: A literature review was conducted by searching for studies in the Cinahl, PubMEd and Cochrane databases. La recerca dels articles ha estat limitada entre els anys 2016-2021, realitzada durant els mesos de febrer a maig de 2021. As there were many articles repeated in the different databases, due to a lack of research on this topic, the study was finally carried out with a total of 11 articles selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of this literature review. Results: According to the results of the present studies, it is an effective technique, with significant benefits and few related adverse effects. Conclusions: The use of hydrotherapy during parturition, in comparison with women who undergo conventional parturition, leads to similar results for both the mother and the baby in most of the aspects studied. Differentiating between maternal and neonatal results, the studies refer to the fact that the immersed woman generally undergoes shorter phases of labour, with less risk of suffering perineal sprain, mainly if they are immersed during the expulsion phase, they report a decrease in pain and, one of the most relevant aspects in all the studies, is that they report a higher level of satisfaction than the groups of women who perform conventional parts. In reference to the infants, the presence of an Apgar test result of more than 7 at both 1 and 5 minutes of life is the most relevant data of the study, since other aspects such as the requirement for admission to the neonatal ICU or the possibility of infection as a consequence of immersion do not present significant results ​
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