Efectivitat de l'heparina de baix pes molecular en la malaltia tromboembòlica venosa: revisió bibliogràfica
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Fundamentals: The incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) in the general
population is related to non-modifiable risk factors, such as sex and age, being very low
in adolescence and gradually increasing to 0.5-2 % annual in patients from 60 to 80
years. This fact, together with modifiable risk factors such as partial or total
immobilization, chronic diseases, etc., makes the onset of early thromboprophylaxis
essential to minimize the risk of a thromboembolic event, especially after the recent
discovery of thrombogenic power. of the covid-19.
Objectives: The overall objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of low
molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as a first-line thromboprophylactic treatment for
venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) in hospitalized individuals.
Methods: A literature review of 16 scientific articles, <12 years old, is performed to
retrieve varied information on the administration and effectiveness of low molecular
weight heparin in the last decade, in the PubMed, Scielo and SIGN guidelines, of which
56% are bibliographic, systematic reviews and meta-analysis; 19%, clinical practice
guidelines; and other studies of other types. Basically, the results that relate the three
key aspects of this review are extracted: low molecular weight heparin, thromboembolic
disease, and covid-19.
Results: According to the results obtained (n = 16), 50% of the studies indicate low-
molecular-weight heparin as the thromboprophylactic of choice due to its properties and
16% indicate the existence of a predisposition to suffer a VTE in patients affected by
covid-19. However, all of the reviewed studies agree with the importance of venous
thromboembolic disease today and the need to reduce its morbidity-mortality.
Conclusions: Low molecular weight heparin is the anticoagulant of choice for the
prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolic disease, which is closely related
to covid-19 as a predisposing factor