Efectivitat de l'heparina de baix pes molecular en la malaltia tromboembòlica venosa: revisió bibliogràfica

Bouhafna Souidika, Ikram
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Fundamentals: The incidence of venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) in the general population is related to non-modifiable risk factors, such as sex and age, being very low in adolescence and gradually increasing to 0.5-2 % annual in patients from 60 to 80 years. This fact, together with modifiable risk factors such as partial or total immobilization, chronic diseases, etc., makes the onset of early thromboprophylaxis essential to minimize the risk of a thromboembolic event, especially after the recent discovery of thrombogenic power. of the covid-19. Objectives: The overall objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as a first-line thromboprophylactic treatment for venous thromboembolic disease (VTD) in hospitalized individuals. Methods: A literature review of 16 scientific articles, <12 years old, is performed to retrieve varied information on the administration and effectiveness of low molecular weight heparin in the last decade, in the PubMed, Scielo and SIGN guidelines, of which 56% are bibliographic, systematic reviews and meta-analysis; 19%, clinical practice guidelines; and other studies of other types. Basically, the results that relate the three key aspects of this review are extracted: low molecular weight heparin, thromboembolic disease, and covid-19. Results: According to the results obtained (n = 16), 50% of the studies indicate low- molecular-weight heparin as the thromboprophylactic of choice due to its properties and 16% indicate the existence of a predisposition to suffer a VTE in patients affected by covid-19. However, all of the reviewed studies agree with the importance of venous thromboembolic disease today and the need to reduce its morbidity-mortality. Conclusions: Low molecular weight heparin is the anticoagulant of choice for the prophylaxis and treatment of venous thromboembolic disease, which is closely related to covid-19 as a predisposing factor ​
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