Guía de práctica clínica para el tratamiento farmacológico y psicológico de los pacientes adultos con trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad y un diagnóstico comórbido de trastorno por uso de sustancias = Clinical practice guideline on pharmacological and psychological management of adult patients with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder and comorbid substance use
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Substantial evidence has confirmed the high comorbidity between
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a substance
use disorder (SUD). This review synthesizes the pharmacological
and psychosocial interventions conducted in ADHD and SUDs, and
provides clinical recommendations using the GRADE approach.
Our results suggest: 1) In patients with ADHD and alcohol use,
atomoxetine is recommended to reduce ADHD symptoms (weak
recommendation) and alcohol craving (weak recommendation). 2)
In patients with ADHD and cannabis use disorder, atomoxetine is
recommended to improve ADHD symptoms (weak recommendation),
not to reduce cannabis use (weak recommendation). 3) In patients
with ADHD and cocaine use disorder, methylphenidate is not
recommended to improve ADHD symptoms or to reduce cocaine use
(weak recommendation). 4) In patients with ADHD and comorbid
nicotine use disorder, methylphenidate is recommended to improve
ADHD symptoms (weak recommendation). Psychoestimulant such as methylphenidate or lisdexamfetamine dimesylate, are not
recommended to reduce nicotine use (weak recommendation).
5) Regarding patients with ADHD and any SUD, the use of
psychostimulants is recommended to improve ADHD symptoms
(weak recommendation), not to reduce substance use (weak
recommendation) or to improve retention to treatment (strong
recommendation). In these patients, the use of atomoxetine is
recommended to improve ADHD symptoms (weak recommendation),
not to decrease substance use (weak recommendation) or to improve
retention to treatment (strong recommendation). Atomoxetine and
psychostimulants appear to be safe in patients with any SUD (strong
recommendation). Our review suggests the need for more research in
this area and for larger, multisite, randomized studies to provide more
definite and conclusive evidence
Tots els drets reservats