Efectes de l’exercici de resistència de baixa intensitat i del suport nutricional sobre la sarcopènia i la inflamació crònica de baix grau en persones de 60-75 anys

Planella Farrugia, Cristina
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Sarcopenia is a multifactorial entity characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength and functionality. People with sarcopenia are more at risk of developing insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and excess fat in the muscle and liver, among others, impacting on quality of life. It is well known that nutrition and physical exercise of resistance are the most effective strategies to prevent or delay it. HYPOTHESIS: A program of physical exercise of low intensity resistance, together with nutritional support improves the deterioration of the muscles in people aged 60-75 years. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of the physical exercise program of low intensity resistance and nutritional supplementation (protein in powder) in people 60-75 years of age on body composition, muscle strength, speed of movement, physical condition, circulating concentration of myokines (irisin and myostatin) and chronic low grade inflammation (PCR). METHODOLOGY: Prospective and controlled clinical trial in which the subjects were randomized into 3 groups: 1) control group (n = 20), 2) low intensity resistance exercise group (RE) (n = 14) and 3) low Intensity Resistance and Nutrition Support (RENS) exercise group (n = 9). The participants, from 60 to 75 years old, were studied at the beginning and at the end of the study, whose duration was 16 weeks. Body composition was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance. The force was measured with a hand grip. Myokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: In the RENS group, an increase in fat-free mass was observed (47.4 ± 7.4 vs. 46.5 ± 7.4, p = 0.046), the circumference of calf (36.4 ± 1.3 vs. 32.3 ± 4.3, p = 0.025) and circulating irisin (3 ± 1.1 vs. 2.6 ± 1.3, p = 0.030). In the RE group, an increase the strength (17.2 ± 4.6 vs. 15.3 ± 4.6, p = 0.011) and serum irisin (3.1 ± 0.8 vs. 2.4 ± 0.3, p = 0.011) and decreased the gait speed at different distances (p <0.02). In the control group a decrease in fat-free mass was observed (46 ± 7.5 vs. 45 ± 5.6, p = 0.002), in the circumference of calf (33.1 ± 3 vs. 32 ± 2.8, p = 0.008) and myostatin (2.5 81.8-3.1) vs. 1.9 (1.5 -2.3), p = 0.003). Interestingly, in this group, the strenght was correlated positively with the fat-free mass (r = 0.782, p = 0.008) and circulating irisin was significantly reduced in participants with loss of strength at the end of the study (p = 0.002). No significant association was observed between circulating irisin concentrations and those of myostatin in any group. CONCLUSIONS: A program of physical exercise of low intensity resistance, together with nutritional support, improves the deterioration of the muscles in people aged 60-75. Irisin circulating is associated with the improvement of muscle strength in elderly people. ​
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