Principal component analysis of financial statements: a compositional approach = Análisis en componentes principales de los estados financieros: un enfoque composicional
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Financial ratios are often used in principal component analysis and related
techniques for the purposes of data reduction and visualization. Besides the
dependence of results on ratio choice, ratios themselves pose a number of
problems when subjected to a principal component analysis, such as skewed
distributions. In this work, we put forward an alternative method drawn from
compositional data analysis (CoDa), a standard statistical toolbox for use when
data convey information about relative magnitudes, as financial ratios do. The
method, referred to as the CoDa biplot, does not rely on any particular choice of
financial ratio but allows researchers to visually order firms along the pairwise
financial ratios for any two accounts. Non-financial magnitudes and time
evolution can be added to the visualization as desired. We show an example of
its application to the top chains in the Spanish grocery retail sector and show how
the technique can be used to depict strategic management differences in financial
structure or performance, and their evolution over time