Promoció de l'activitat física i l'alimentació mitjançant el model de Nola Pender en l'obesitat infantil: projecte de recerca

Abstract

Childhood obesity is considered one of the major global public health crises due to the large number of children affected. In Europe, one in six children and adolescents are overweight, this fraction represents 20% of the total child population. And, it is estimated that one in twenty suffer from obesity, representing 5% of the total child population. There are different factors that take part in the development of this disease: genetic, environmental and behavioral factors. These last ones, like, sedentary lifestyle, the diet and the behavior, are the modifiable factors. Physical activity has been reduced in children and adolescents, with an increase in sedentary lifestyle, that is, people who do not do enough physical exercise to get healthy benefits. Eat healthy is the first step in reducing BMI in children. It has been shown that with the incorporation of vegetables and fruits in the diet there is a decrease of BMI. The Pender Health Promotion Model is based on acting on modifiable factors, considering both external and personal factors. Material and methods: The main aim of this study is to know the efficacy of the Nola Pender’s health promotion model on childhood obesity. The specific goals are to prove the utility of the model to promote physical activity and healthy eating according to gender, age, only diagnosis of obesity and according to basic health area (ABS). It is a case and control study carried out in the 97 children diagnosed with obesity that belong to the CAP Dr. Vilaplana de Taialà (Girona). Random sampling will be applied to children between 10-14 years who will be separated into two groups. The group of cases will be applied to the model and the group of controls will be given the General Recommendations for Obesity. The study will take one year which the participants will have to go every three months to the CAP for the collection of data. The cases will have to answer a questionnaire related to the physical activity and the healthy feeding and both groups will study the sociodemographic variables and the anthropometric variables: weight, size, abdominal perimeter, tricipital skinfold, BMI and z-score