Promoció de l'activitat física i l'alimentació mitjançant el model de Nola Pender en l'obesitat infantil: projecte de recerca
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Childhood obesity is considered one of the major global public health crises due
to the large number of children affected. In Europe, one in six children and
adolescents are overweight, this fraction represents 20% of the total child
population. And, it is estimated that one in twenty suffer from obesity,
representing 5% of the total child population. There are different factors that take
part in the development of this disease: genetic, environmental and behavioral
factors. These last ones, like, sedentary lifestyle, the diet and the behavior, are
the modifiable factors.
Physical activity has been reduced in children and adolescents, with an increase
in sedentary lifestyle, that is, people who do not do enough physical exercise to
get healthy benefits. Eat healthy is the first step in reducing BMI in children. It has
been shown that with the incorporation of vegetables and fruits in the diet there
is a decrease of BMI.
The Pender Health Promotion Model is based on acting on modifiable factors,
considering both external and personal factors.
Material and methods: The main aim of this study is to know the efficacy of the
Nola Pender’s health promotion model on childhood obesity. The specific goals
are to prove the utility of the model to promote physical activity and healthy eating
according to gender, age, only diagnosis of obesity and according to basic health
area (ABS). It is a case and control study carried out in the 97 children diagnosed
with obesity that belong to the CAP Dr. Vilaplana de Taialà (Girona). Random
sampling will be applied to children between 10-14 years who will be separated
into two groups. The group of cases will be applied to the model and the group
of controls will be given the General Recommendations for Obesity. The study
will take one year which the participants will have to go every three months to the
CAP for the collection of data. The cases will have to answer a questionnaire
related to the physical activity and the healthy feeding and both groups will study
the sociodemographic variables and the anthropometric variables: weight, size,
abdominal perimeter, tricipital skinfold, BMI and z-score