Unitat de cures intensives amb visites obertes: perspectiva del pacient, dels familiars i de les infermeres: revisió bibliogràfica

Abstract

Background: Intensive Care Units in Spain have a very restrictive visiting policy and an information at specific times only once a day, except if there are important changes in the evolution of the critical patient. There have been many attempts to make them opener with more flexible visiting hours and with greater participation of families. Nursing care is very important for these patients, in which the psycho-socio-cultural, spiritual and emotional components that condition and participate in the serious situation of the patient should not be ignored. More and more, the needs of relatives and patients are taken into account and it is attempted to implement an open visiting policy in these units. Aim: Bibliographic Review. Databases which have been consulted are PubMed CINAHL and Cuiden and the metasearch engine Tripdatabase during December of 2018. A total of 16 articles published in the mentioned databases which met the inclusion criteria were selected. Results: 16 articles have been included in the review. There are a wide variety of article designs: 3 prospective studies, 4 descriptive studies, 3 qualitative studies, 1 quantitative study, 1 quantitative and qualitative study, 1 bibliographic review, 1 systematic review and meta-analysis, 1 critical review and 1 theoretical reflective study. Conclusions: The results obtained have determined that the belief of a part of nurses have not got scientific evidence and that relatives and patients are more satisfied with an open visiting policy. On one hand, it benefits the patient decreasing the risk of delirium and anxiety. Family members can participate in the patient's care and improve the interaction with doctors. Therefore, it increases their satisfaction. As for nurses, an open visiting policy would also be beneficial to them, although most of them oppose to this model. Nurses would be satisfied if they received information and education to feel prepared. With guidelines that indicate how to educate and manage conflicts with relatives and patients, it would reduce their stress