Long term decentralized greywater treatment for water reuse purposes in a tourist facility by vertical ecosystem
dc.contributor.author
dc.date.accessioned
2019-09-06T10:13:14Z
dc.date.available
2019-09-06T10:13:14Z
dc.date.issued
2019-11-01
dc.identifier.issn
0925-8574
dc.identifier.uri
dc.description.abstract
A horizontal flow wetland (HF) was integrated, in a cascading vertical set-up (vertECO), in a Mediterranean tourist facility for decentralized treatment of real low load greywater streams. 15 different plant species were tested in LECA substrate at three different hydraulic retention times (HRTs: 1.9, 1.4 and 1.0 days) with additional aeration improving degradation processes. Beyond standard parameters, several organic micropollutants (14 pharmaceutical organic compounds and 12 endocrine disruptive compounds) were monitored over a 22 month period. The removal efficiency for standard parameters was very high, on average more than 90% for many parameters (COD, BOD5, TSS, VSS and turbidity) and more than 80% for TOC. BOD5 removal could be correlated with the temperature, while TN, TKN and NH4+-N showed the highest removal efficiency at the lowest HRT. The effluents consistently met the standards for various reuse applications, at all three HRTs, according to Spanish Legislation (RD, 1620/2007) and EU draft. In terms of organic micropollutants, influent greywater was characterized by high concentrations and variability (for example up to 256.1 ± 875.3 µg L−1 for acetaminophen, 88.7 ± 424.5 µg L−1 for ibuprofen). More than 95% of removal by vertECO was achieved for most of the compounds (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, salicylic acid, caffeine, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, triclosan, methyl-, ethyl- and propylparaben) and more than 80% for diclofenac, atenolol and trimethoprim. On the other hand, hydrochlorothiazide, sulfamethoxazole and salbutamol could not be reduced by more than 30%. Statistically significant differences were found at different HRTs for acetaminophen, atenolol, ibuprofen, ethylparaben, TCPP and TBEP (p < 0.05). Conversely, most of the evaluated micropollutants were consistently removed without apparent influence from temperature
dc.description.sponsorship
Authors acknowledge the support from the Economy and Knowledge Department of
the Catalan Government through a Consolidated Research Group (ICRA-TECH -
2017 SGR 1318) - Catalan Institute for Water Research. Gianluigi Buttiglieri
acknowledges the Ramon y Cajal research fellowship (RYC-2014-16754) and the
project CTM2017-85385-C2-1-R from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and
Competitiveness. Moreover, they acknowledge the support for scientific equipment
given by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) under the Catalan
FEDER Operative Program 2007-2013 and by MINECO according to DA3ª of the
Catalan Statute of Autonomy and to PGE-2010. This study was partially funded
under the 7th framework program of the European Union (Grant agreement N°
619116)
dc.format.mimetype
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Elsevier
dc.relation
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/AEI/Plan Estatal de Investigación Científica y Técnica y de Innovación 2013-2016/CTM2017-85385-C2-1-R/ES/ECONOMIA CIRCULAR PARA FACILITAR LA REUTILIZACION DE AGUA URBANA EN UNA CIUDAD TURISTICA: GESTION CENTRALIZADA O DESCENTRALIZADA?/
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Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2019.07.003
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© Ecological Engineering, 2019, vol. 138, p. 138-147
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Articles publicats (D-EQATA)
dc.rights
Tots els drets reservats
dc.subject
dc.title
Long term decentralized greywater treatment for water reuse purposes in a tourist facility by vertical ecosystem
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.rights.accessRights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.date.embargoEndDate
info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2020-11-01
dc.relation.projectID
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/619116/EU/Demonstrating integrated innovative technologies for an optimal and safe closed water cycle in Mediterranean tourist facilities/DEMEAUMED
dc.type.version
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.doi
dc.contributor.funder
dc.type.peerreviewed
peer-reviewed
dc.relation.FundingProgramme
dc.relation.ProjectAcronym