Metabolic syndrome, inflamation and microbiota

Abstract

Background and justification: The criteria for metabolic syndrome include obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting glucose. Altered gut microbial have been associated with metabolic disorders in animals and humans, including MeTS . Different microbiota have been observed depending on the individual’s BMI (normal/obese) or the country where people live, among others. There is paucity of information regarding which microbiota are beneficial/detrimental, microbiota’s composition among Spanish population and its composition depending on the micronutrients consumed.

Objectives: The main aim is to evaluate the difference of the gut microbiota between males and females patients (pre-/post-menopause) with metabolic syndrome vs. without metabolic syndrome. Other objectives are: a) to determine the composition of microbiota in individuals with and without obesity depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome; b) to evaluate the composition of microbiota in individuals with subclinical inflammation depending on the presence of metabolic syndrome; and c) to determine which factors (age, sex, obesity, inflammation, metabolic syndrome and diet) are independently associated with the gut microbiota. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in 131 patients recruited between January 2016 and October 2017 (age range 27-67 years). Nonparametric Spearman correlations were used to determine the associations between quantitative variables. Finally, two kinds of stepwise multivariate linear regression were performed to assess the association of clinical, anthropometric, laboratory, dietetic parameters and metabolic syndrome with microbiota.

Results: Significant differences in the microbiota were confirmed between patients depending on the metabolic syndrome. After Bonferroni correction, there was a trend (p<0.01) towards differences in the relative abundance of Candidatus Atribacteria, Chrysiogenetes, Lentisphaerae, Planctomycetes and Tenericutes according to the presence of metabolic syndrome. The RA of Candidatus Moranbacteria, Tenericutes, Thermotogae, Candidatus Omnitrophica, Spirochaetes and Ascomycota was associated with decreased BMI and decreased chronic inflammation in subjects without metabolic syndrome.

Conclusions: In summary, our work shows a connection between metabolic syndrome, inflammation and gut microbiota. Human intestinal microbiota may be linked with the prevention of developing metabolic syndrome by affecting the parameters of

BMI, SBP, DBP and HDL. There is a special connection between microbiota from non- obese individuals and low CRP, without MetS