Efectes del resveratrol sobre la malaltia d’Alzheimer per la millora dels nivells de proteïna beta amiloide i els de fosforilació de proteïna tau

Abstract

Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia (representing 60-70% of all cases of this pathology) and an increasingly common cause of dependence and mortality in the elderly. Progressive loss of memory and cognitive functions are the major features of AD. Although the scientific community has shown a lot of interest and many studies have been carried out, no effective therapy has been discovered yet. According to the amyloid hypothesis, the most probable cause of AD is the progressive accumulation and deposition of amyloid in the central nervous system due to aging. As this accumulation is increasing, other complex pathogenic mechanisms that aggravate the illness are promoted, such as: the increase in tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation in the nervous system, causing, ultimately, a dysfunction of the central nervous system and the neuronal death. On the other hand, in recent years, there are many studies in vitro and in vivo that demonstrate the potential of resveratrol, a polyphenol present in wine and other plants, to improve many of these dysfunctions that were mentioned associated with the AD. Specifically, this work has focused on making a bibliographic review of the potential of resveratrol to alleviate or eliminate the two most distinctive factors of AD in relation to other diseases: the accumulation of Aβ protein and the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein. Hence, it has described the different molecular mechanisms most supported by the different in vitro and in vivo studies that have been carried out and the research of this drug has been contextualized. The diversity in protocols and poor bioavailability offered by resveratrol in the studies in vivo seems to be the main obstacle to the efficacy of the drug. Therefore, further studies are needed to determine what is the best way of supplying the drug, in order to transfer the benefits that have been obtained in many tests, in humans