Cures infermeres en el pacient portador de drenatge ventricular extern: revisió bibliogràfica i scoping review

Abstract

Introduction: External ventricular drainage (EVD) plays an important role in the treatment of patients with neurological diseases that require, amongst others, the control and treatment of Intracranial Pressure (ICP), intraventricular blood drainage or temporary treatment of acute hydrocephalus. Its placement is a frequent neuro-surgical procedure. Objectives: To review the scientific evidence in relation to nursing care to persons carrying external ventricular drainage and to investigate measures to prevent the complications that ventricular drainage carriers may present by nursing. Materials and methods: A bibliographic review and scoping review has been carried out between November 2017 and February 2018. Searches have been made in electronic databases related to the field of health in the last 10 years: CUIDEN, Dialnet Plus, Medline PubMed, Trip Database, in specific scientific journals in the subject of study and the Google Scholar search engine. Results: In total, 17 articles and a clinical practice guide have been reviewed that met the inclusion criteria. This review has included articles with different designs: 4 bibliographic reviews, 1 meta-analysis, 3 descriptive studies, 8 retrospective studies and 1 qualitative study. The review made allows us to observe that the incidence of infections associated to EVD ranges from 1-45%. They have not been found in the reviewed articles any standard practices for the insertion of the EVD or specific interventions to avoid complications. A standardization at the national level of the technique and the measures to prevent complications as well as its handling. Conclusions: There was no consensus among experts regarding care for EVD carriers. The importance of standardizing nursing care is highlighted so that all the centers follow the same guidelines based on the better evidence available in order to reduce the complications associated with EVD