Relació entre els determinants socials de la salut i la conducta suïcida a la comarca d’Osona durant els anys 2013-2015
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Introduction: Suicide is a public health problem that affects near one million people worlwide every year. It is the second cause of death for people aged 15 to 29 years. In 2013 544 people died by suicide in Catalonia, and became the leading cause of death among people from 25 to 44 years old.
As in other health issues, social determinants of health are related to suicide. Indeed, social and environmental contexts show a heterogeneous range of factors that may influence suicidal behavior. Among suicide risk factors, there are some demographic, social and clinical aspects such as age, gender, mental disorder, history of previous suicidal behavior, marital status and employment status.
The knowledge of specific factors affecting suicidal behavior may help to identify improvement areas to include to current suicide prevention programs.
Objectives:To describe social, demographic and clinical characteristics of people with suicidal behavior in Osona and the characteristics of the suicidal behavior. To analyse the relationship of the determinants of health whith suicidal behavior.
Method: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on people with suicidal behaviour in the region Osona during the period from 2013 to 2015. Their characteristics, both sociodemographic and clinical were registered and analyzed. Suicidal behavior characteristics were classified as suicidal ideation, interrupted self-directed violence, suicide attempt and suicide.
Results: A total of 555 cases of suicide behavior that corresponded to 452 patients were analyzed. There were a total of 32 suicides. The average age was 43.65 years (SD 16.786) and 58.81 years (SD 17.576) for those who died by suicide. 63.1% of global individuals (n=285) were women and a 78.1% (n=25) were men in those who died by suicide. Most of those who died by suicide were pensioners, with 61.5% (n=16). Mental disorder was significantly associated with suicidal behavior, with a global presence of 91.1% (n=412). Most suicides occurred for hanging with 37% (n=12) while most of the attempts were caused by drug overdose with 75% (n=303).
Conclusions:In our study the main factors associated with suicidal behavior are age, with older related to suicide, sex with a higher rate of men who die by suicide, mental disorder, with more prevalence among those who don't die by suicide. Marital status (widows) and employment status (pensioner) are also related to suicide deaths
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