Percepció i actituds dels estudiants d'infermeria davant la mort
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Background: By providing continuous care and maintaining a close relationship with sick people and their families, nurses often have to confront stressful situations such as death or patient agony. These situations can cause a wide variety of emotions, including different levels of anxiety, which could lead to poor professional judgment. Particularly, nursing students might present difficulties addressing these situations given their lack of training and experience in the field.
Objective: This research aims to study the attitude and perception of nursing students towards death and it's mourning process.
Methodology: A descriptive and cross-sectional study has been carried out based on a survery taken by 293 volunteer students from the Faculty of Nursing of the University of Girona. The questionnaire included sociodemographic, academic, experimental variables and 3 validated scales (Bugen’s Coping with Death Scale, Self-efficacy scale related to Robbins hospices, and Collet-Lester fear of death scale). At the end of the survey, participants were asked to answer two open-ended questions. With the data obtained, avareges, standard deviations and frequencies were calculated Relationships among variables were analyzed through Student T test, Chi-Square test, Pearson correlation coefficient, ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric relationships.
Results: Of 293 participants, 85.32% were women and 14.68% were men. The average age of the sample was 22.30 (DS:5.45) years. The score on the level of perceived competence face death of students was 122.11 (DS:22.56) points, the self-efficacy degree obtained an average score of 89.59 points (DS:16.04), and the level of concern face death was 103.89 points (DS: 18.62). The main significant differences found were that women tend to score lower on those assessing scales level of perceived competence and self-efficacy when facing death although they have higher scores in levels of concern questions. As a general rule, students refer to lack of training in aspects related to tanatology. Nevertheless, they are proposing changes for the upcoming teaching years in the field.
Conclusion: The results show that students of the University of Girona of the Faculty of Nursing have an adequate level of competence perceived to face death. They also present a good level of self-efficacy toward aspects related to subject matter. However, high levels of concern and/or restlessness have been found, and fearing death of the others was the most fear aspect.
Further professional training for managing emotions involved in death is required, as a good coping mechanism to deal with stressful situations could potentially increase the quality of care provided to people
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