Identificació de microRNAs circulants i placentaris en obesitat materna gestacional i la seva relació amb paràmetres metabòlics materns i el creixement pre i postnatal

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Increased metabolic disease in children is a major public health problem.. Epigenetic marks, such as microRNAs, could be one of the mechanisms that regulate the association maternal obesity with the development of metabolic diseases of the offspring such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this work, we have identified the microRNA profile in plasma at the second trimester and in placentas from women with pre-gestational and gestational obesity, and examined the associations of these microRNAs with endocrine-metabolic parameters during pregnancy and with pre and postnatal growth parameters. Plasma samples show 13 dysregulated microRNAs in maternal obesity. Most of these are associated with metabolic parameters during pregnancy. In addition, miR-340, miR-423-5p and miR-652 are negatively associated with prenatal growth parameters and miR-29c, miR-128a and miR-221 are negatively associated with postnatal growth parameters. The results in placenta show 8 dysregulated microRNAs in maternal obesity, of which miR-100-3p, miR-296-5p, miR-487-3p and miR-1285-3p are associated with metabolic parameters during pregnancy and show negative associations with prenatal and postnatal growth. Among placental microRNAs, miR-296-5p is also present in second trimester gestational plasma and is associated with its own placental expression and pre and postnatal growth parameters. We provide the first identification of the microRNA profile in maternal obesity and generate new data about the possible role of these microRNAs as regulators of pre and postnatal growth. Interventions on these microRNAs could modulate the negative effect of maternal obesity on their offspring. ​
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