http://hdl.handle.net/10256/25490 Anteriorment "Màster en Canvi Ambiental: anàlisi i gestió" (del 2013/2014 al 2022/2023) 2025-08-30T15:54:02Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/27153 Els límits planetaris, les entitats noves i la biodiversitat. Una revisió sistemàtica del cas del glifosat Ferrer Moreso, Anna Isabel This analysis focuses on the convergence of two planetary boundaries that have already been clearly exceeded: Biosphere Integrity and Novel 3. Glyphosate was selected as a paradigmatic case for this study, given its widespread global use as an herbicide. Employing the SALSA methodology, a systematic review of 191 scientific publications was conducted, revealing notable growth in publications related to this topic, especially since 2015, which coincides with the update of the planetary boundaries framework. The findings indicate a strong concentration of studies in Northern Hemisphere countries, such as Canada and the USA, while tropical ecosystems are scarcely represented. From a thematic perspective, 45% of the studies focus on biodiversity effects, yet only a small percentage (just 3.7%) directly link glyphosate with the planetary boundaries framework. Additionally, there is a methodological bias towards field studies, with a taxonomic emphasis mainly on flora and arthropods. The conceptual analysis of the study identified four main pathways of environmental impact caused by glyphosate: effects on pollinators, toxicity in aquatic environments, alteration of soil microbiota, and damage to non-target vegetation. These impacts, often potentiated by synergistic effects, generate negative feedbacks that endanger biosphere integrity, reinforcing the conclusion that glyphosate acts as a novel entity capable of severely destabilizing global ecological balance by impacting and reducing biodiversity 2025-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/25741 Assessing arthropod species/groups as bioindicators of ecosystem health in the native forests of Terceira Island Archilés Illa, Jaume Global changes are profoundly affecting biodiversity worldwide, with human activities like resource exploitation, pollution, and habitat fragmentation playing significant roles. These impacts are especially dramatic on islands due to their unique ecological characteristics and the higher vulnerability of insular species to extinction. Understanding the status of vulnerable habitats is crucial for all species’ well-being and effective conservation strategies. This study aims to evaluate the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI) across various sites on Terceira Island (Azores) and reliably identify key arthropod species that indicate ecological conditions. We used data from two comprehensive projects—the SLAM (entitled “SLAM project - Long Term Ecological Study of the Impacts of Climate Change in the Natural Forests of the Azores”) project and the BALA (Biodiversity of Arthropods from Laurisilva of the Azores) project—to analyse arthropod biodiversity and its implications for forest conservation. Different sampling methods, including SLAM traps and canopy beating, provided a multifaceted understanding of the arthropod communities. Using a generalised linear mixed model (GLMM) for both databases, we identified specific arthropod species, such as Pinalitus oromii and Ommatoiulus moreleti, as key bioindicators of forest health. Pinalitus oromii, an endemic species, showed a positive correlation with higher IBI values, suggesting its potential as a reliable indicator of pristine forest conditions. In contrast, Ommatoiulus moreleti, an invasive species, exhibited a negative relationship with IBI values. These findings highlight the importance of integrating multiple ecological indicators and biogeographic categorizations in monitoring forest health, providing valuable insights for conservation strategies in the Azorean native forests. The study further emphasises the need to select and analyse various environmental variables such as altitude, distance to roads, and forest structure, which significantly influence habitat quality and biodiversity. By employing a comprehensive dataset from long-term monitoring projects, this research offers a robust analysis of arthropod community dynamics over time. The application of the IBI tailored for the Azorean forest ecosystem incorporates diverse taxonomic and ecological parameters, facilitating a multimetric evaluation of biological integrity. Comparative analyses using both the IBI-SLAM and IBI-Canopy indices across different forest strata ensure a thorough assessment of forest biodiversity and ecosystem health. Our study underscores the importance of selecting appropriate bioindicator species for effective biodiversity monitoring and conservation efforts. It suggests that certain arthropod species can be used as indicators of native forest conditions with high ease of sampling and 1 identification. These results have significant implications for conservation strategies on Terceira Island, laying the groundwork for future research and the development of effective management plans to preserve the Azores' unique biodiversity 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/25518 Percepció, incentius i barreres per a l'adaptació dels municipis de la Costa Brava al canvi climàtic Ribas Sastre, Adrià The development of adaptation policies to climate change at the local level is not simple. The local administration is where more interests and conflicts come together, more so in municipalities with a tourist vocation. In this study we will analyze the knowledge that technicians of tourist municipalities of the Mediterranean coast have on climate change and the adaptation measures adopted at the moment by five climate risks; and also, we will search for stimulus or barriers during the process of adaptation. The chosen municipalities of the Costa Brava are representative of its geographical, socioeconomical and environmental diversity (Blanes, Castell-Platja d'Aro, Colera, Lloret de Mar, Portbou, Roses and Torroella de Montgrí-l'Estartit). The five analyzed climatic risks in question are sea flooding and storm surges, rising sea levels and coastal erosion, rising temperatures and heat waves, dry lands, water shortages and forest fires. In order to analyze the problem, a mixed methodology has been used through questionnaires and Focus Groups with all the municipal technicians. The results have shown that the recent impact of extreme climatic episodes is one of the most important factors for considering which risks are the most alarming. In consequence, drought and water shortage has been the highest ranked risk fort current consequences and for future consequences. To combat the impacts of the various risks, structural actions predominate, as the paradigm began to change with the incorporation of nature-based solutions (SbN). Regarding the stimulus and barriers, it has been detected that these vary municipally depending on multiple factors (technician’s ability to act, territorial reality…), although common patterns have been detected. For the water hazards predominate the available knowledge and the values or sense of the urgency of those responsible. On the other hand, factors related to resources and coordination between actors appear more transversally across all environmental risks. It has also been observed that more factors are detected in the environmental risks of the dry lands, water shortages and the forest fires 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/25517 Anàlisi de l’abundància i distribució de la vespa asiàtica a Catalunya mitjançant l’aplicació mòbil Alerta Velutina Capdevila Baseganya, Biel La vespa asiàtica (Vespa velutina var. nigrithorax, du Buysson 1905) és una espècie exòtica invasora a Europa introduïda el 2004 al sud-oest de França. Des de llavors la seva distribució s’ha estès ràpidament per l’oest del continent, causant impactes als ecosistemes naturals, al benestar de les persones i al sector apícola. La naturalesa depredadora de la vespa asiàtica causa problemes als apicultors per l’afectació a les colònies d’abelles i, conseqüentment, a la seva producció. Des de la seva arribada a Europa s’han desenvolupat múltiples projectes per a l’estudi i el control de la vespa asiàtica. La ciència ciutadana ha esdevingut un aspecte clau per a controlar la seva expansió. Un d’aquests projectes és Alerta Velutina, amb l’objectiu d’avaluar la pressió de vespa asiàtica que reben els abellars de Catalunya mitjançant una aplicació mòbil. Les dades recollides amb l’aplicació Alerta Velutina durant el 2023 es van utilitzar per analitzar la pressió de vespa asiàtica arreu del territori català. L’abundància més gran es va observar a les comarques gironines i barcelonines, on també hi va haver una major participació. Quant als mesos de l’any, setembre, octubre i novembre és quan hi va haver una major pressió de vespa asiàtica als abellars. També es van avaluar les diferències de pressió de la vespa asiàtica en funció de les mesures de protecció instal·lades als abellars i de l’activitat de les abelles. D’altra banda, es va estudiar l’efectivitat de mostreig de l’aplicació, comparant els comptatges amb les captures setmanals de vespa asiàtica en 7 assentaments. A més, es va analitzar la seva eficàcia en períodes de baixa densitat de vespa asiàtica. Durant aquesta anàlisi també es va analitzar l’activitat de les abelles i el vigor de les arnes. Finalment, amb l’objectiu de millorar l’aplicació mòbil Alerta Velutina, es va contactar als usuaris per enviar-los una enquesta on se’ls demanava la seva experiència d’usuari i suggeriments de millora. Al final del treball s’indiquen aquestes propostes 2024-09-01T00:00:00Z