http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14226 2025-06-26T17:34:42Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/26681 Soluble receptors for advanced glycation endproducts are predictors of insulin sensitivity and affected by weight loss Moreno Navarrete, José María; Leal Moncada, Yenny Teresa; Rosell Díaz , Marisel; Fernández-Real Lemos, José Manuel Background Mice experiments have underscored the efficacy of pharmacological inhibition of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) through the use of soluble receptors for advanced glycation endproducts (sRAGE) in mitigating obesity-linked metabolic disruptions and insulin resistance. However, human studies have presented conflicting findings regarding the correlation between circulating sRAGE levels and insulin resistance, as well as glucose tolerance. Here, we aimed to delve deeper into the relationship between sRAGE levels and systemic insulin sensitivity. Methods Plasma sRAGE levels, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, and continuous glucose monitoring were measured in two independent cross-sectional case-control studies [cohort 1 (n = 180) and cohort 2 (n = 124)]. In addition, a subgroup of 42 participants with obesity were followed for 12 months. In 14 of these participants, weight loss was achieved through bariatric surgery intervention. Results Our results revealed a significant association between plasma sRAGE levels and both insulin sensitivity and glycemic control parameters, even after adjustments for age, sex, and BMI. Furthermore, longitudinal analysis demonstrated that interventions aimed at weight loss led to reductions in fasting glucose and HbA1c levels, concurrently with increases in sRAGE levels. Conclusions These findings underscore that sRAGE levels were strongly associated with insulin sensitivity and glycemic control, suggesting a possible role of sRAGE in preserving insulin sensitivity and maintaining glycemic control, which should be confirmed in further studies 2024-10-19T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/26648 Plasma acylcarnitines and gut-derived aromatic amino acids as sex-specific hub metabolites of the human aging metabolome Sol, Joaquim; Obis Monné, Èlia; Mota Martorell, Natàlia; Pradas Barriga, Irene; Galo-Licona, José Daniel; Martín Garí, Meritxell; Fernández Bernal, Anna; Ortega Bravo, Marta; Mayneris Perxachs, Jordi; Borrás, Consuelo; Viña Ribes, José; Fuente, Monica de la; Mate, Ianire; Biarnés, Carles; Pedraza, S.; Vilanova, Joan Carles; Brugada, Ramon; Ramos Blanes, Rafel; Serena, Joaquín; Ramió i Torrentà, Lluís; Pineda, Víctor; Daunis-i-Estadella, Pepus; Thió i Fernández de Henestrosa, Santiago; Barretina, Jordi; Garre Olmo, Josep; Portero Otin, Manuel; Fernández-Real Lemos, José Manuel; Puig, Josep; Jové, Mariona; Pamplona, Reinald Aging biology entails a cell/tissue deregulated metabolism that affects all levels of biological organization. Therefore, the application of “omic” techniques that are closer to phenotype, such as metabolomics, to the study of the aging process should be a turning point in the definition of cellular processes involved. The main objective of the present study was to describe the changes in plasma metabolome associated with biological aging and the role of sex in the metabolic regulation during aging. A high-throughput untargeted metabolomic analysis was applied in plasma samples to detect hub metabolites and biomarkers of aging incorporating a sex/gender perspective. A cohort of 1030 healthy human adults (45.9% females, and 54.1% males) from 50 to 98 years of age was used. Results were validated using two independent cohorts (1: n = 146, 53% females, 30–100 years old; 2: n = 68, 70% females, 19–107 years old). Metabolites related to lipid and aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolisms arose as the main metabolic pathways affected by age, with a high influence of sex. Globally, we describe changes in bioenergetic pathways that point to a decrease in mitochondrial β-oxidation and an accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids and acylcarnitines that could be responsible for the increment of oxidative damage and inflammation characteristic of this physiological process. Furthermore, we describe for the first time the importance of gut-derived AAA catabolites in the aging process describing novel biomarkers that could contribute to better understand this physiological process but also age-related diseases 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/26607 Prenatal and Perinatal Factors Associated with Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: A Scoping Review Sanvisens, Arantza; Bueno, Clara; Calvete, Oriol; Solé, Francesc; Marcos-Gragera, Rafael; Solans Margalef, Marta Objective: Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is the most frequent childhood cancer. Infant ALL (<1 year) is rare, but it captures a lot of interest due to its poor prognosis, especially in patients harbouring KMT2A rearrangements, which have been demonstrated to arise prenatally. However, epidemiological studies aimed at identifying specific risk factors in such cases are scarce, mainly due to sample-size limitations. We conducted a scoping review to elucidate the prenatal or perinatal factors associated with infant ALL. Methods: Original articles, letters, or conference abstracts published up to June 2022 were identified using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases, and 33 observational studies were selected. Results: The study reveals several well-established associations across the literature, such as maternal exposure to pesticides and high birth weight, and outlines suggestive associations, such as parental heavy smoking, parental use of several medications (e.g., dipyrone), and maternal exposure to air pollution during pregnancy. Conclusions: This scoping review summarizes the few observational studies that have analysed the prenatal and perinatal risk factors for ALL in infants diagnosed before the age of 1 year. The results of this review highlight the lack of research into this specific age group, which merits further research 2025-01-23T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/10256/26550 Decoding Pulmonary Embolism: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Peracaula Domínguez, Míriam; Sebastián, Laura; Francisco Albesa, Iria; Bonnin Vilaplana, Marc; Rodriguez Chiaradía, Diego A.; Tura-Ceide, Olga Pulmonary Embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition initiated by the presence of blood clots in the pulmonary arteries, leading to severe morbidity and mortality. Underlying mechanisms involve endothelial dysfunction, including impaired blood flow regulation, a pro-thrombotic state, inflammation, heightened oxidative stress, and altered vascular remodeling. These mechanisms contribute to vascular diseases stemming from PE, such as recurrent thromboembolism, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, post-thrombotic syndrome, right heart failure, and cardiogenic shock. Detailing key risk factors and utilizing hemodynamic stability-based categorization, the review aims for precise risk stratification by applying established diagnostic tools and scoring systems. This article explores both conventional and emerging biomarkers as potential diagnostic tools. Additionally, by synthesizing existing knowledge, it provides a comprehensive outlook of the current enhanced PE management and preventive strategies. The conclusion underscores the need for future research to improve diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic effectiveness in PE 2024-08-23T00:00:00Z