2024-03-29T05:03:45Zhttp://dugi-doc.udg.edu/dspace-oai/requestoai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/103112015-10-09T09:46:49Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Iranzo Jiménez, Pilar
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2015-04-28T10:48:23Z
2015-04-28T10:48:23Z
2015-02
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/10311
The use of hiyper-prolific sows is a common practice in the swine industry. Improving larger sized litters
enhance the presence of low birth weight piglets (LBW< 0.8 kg) which are more likely to die. The transition to
weaning is a stressful event compromising the gut homeostasis, growth and survival rates, especially on LBW
piglets. Currently, the early-weaning is a strategy performed consisting in the weaning time anticipation to 2-
3 weeks of age. In addition with the high mortality and morbidity rates the swine production is hampered
resulting in economic losses.
The effect of the birth weight (BW), weaning strategy (WS) and the small intestine area (SIA) were studied
in newborn piglets on the pre-weaning phase by the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). 72 pairs of Hypor
sex-matched littermates catalogued as low birth weight (LBW< 1 kg, n=36) or normal birth weight (NWB, n=36)
were randomly distributed to the rearing systems from 3 days to 3 weeks of age. The early-weaned (EW)
piglets were artificially fed in brooders with a milk-replacer provided ad libitum. On conventional weaning
(CW), piglets stayed with sow and intake colostrum. Pairs of LBW-NBW were slaughtered at 3, 5, 8 and 19 days
old. Tissue samples from duodenum (5%) and ileum (75%) were harvested to quantify the ZO-1 expression.
Any significant differences related to BW and WS were found although colostrum exerted a greater effect the
ileum and in LBW piglets. Relevant differences were observed within time (p= 0.001) and ileum (p=0.0005),
improving the expression in 5-19 (p<0.001) and 8-19 (p=0.007) days.
In parallel, in vitro experiments on IPEC-J2 cell monolayers tested the permeability (FITC-Dextran, FD4),
the trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the immunolocalization of ZO-1 after 1 mM H2o2, 4 mM
DEM and ethoxyquin treatments. The effect of 1 mM H2o2 affect the permeability (p =2.73•10-5) while time
and time: stressor (p< 2•10-16) influenced TEER values. The 4 mM DEM incubation showed significant
differences within time and stressor (p<2•10-16), ethoxyquin (p=0.00041) and DEM:ethoxyquin (p=1.11•10-5).
In conclusion, the IPEC-J2 cell line is a reliable model to screen the antioxidant potential reducing the animal
experimentation. Moreover, the permeability and TEER evaluate the damage of the intestinal barrier due to
the dependent doses-effect between the ethoxyquin and oxidant
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Porcs -- Cria i desenvolupament
Porcs -- Reproducció
Swine -- Breeding
Swine -- Reproduction
Investigating small intestine’s permeability via TEER and tight junction expression
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/10311/1/Iranzo+Jimenez%2C+Pilar.pdf
File
MD5
2c97a449c506cb7aabddb5296b51d783
2125473
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Iranzo Jimenez, Pilar.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/112082015-10-10T00:00:59Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Cobo Garcia, Raquel
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2015-10-09T09:09:24Z
2015-10-09T09:09:24Z
2015-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11208
Knowledge
of
the
fetal
Kell
genotype
in
pregnancies
of
sensitized
women
with
anti-K
is
of
great
value
to
determine
if
the
fetus
is
at
risk
of
haemolytic
anaemia
and
allows
a
better
management
of
such,
otherwise,
high‐risk
pregnancies.
Several
non-invasive
approaches
for
fetal
Kell
genotyping
have
been
developed
ages
earlier
than
20
weeks.
The
next-generation
sequencing
(NGS)
Technology
offers
unprecedented
possibilities
of
massive
parallel
analysis
of
gene-targets
amplified
sequences
from
maternal
plasma
cell-free
(cf)
DNA.
Initial
proof
of
concept
studies
have
shown
promising
results.
Objectives:
1)
To
design
a
NGS
approach
for
the
fetal
Kell
genotype
analysis
in
plasma
cfDNA
and
2)
To
evaluate
its
sensitivity
and
the
reliability
of
the
fetus
in
a
validation
study
with
a
panel
of
clinical
samples
from
sensitized
pregnant
women.
Materials
and
Methods:
A
total
of
17
plasma
samples
from
pregnant
women
with
anti‐K
have
been
prospectively
collected
during
the
past
three
years.
Cell‐free
DNA
has
been
extracted
from
2
ml
of
these
plasma
samples
as
well
as
from
artificial
chimeric
mixtures
of
plasma
from
individuals
with
known
genotype
(major
KEL2/2,
minor
KEL1/2)
using
the
QIAsymphony
extractor.
A
125b
bp
KEL
gene
fragment
encompassing
the
KEL1/2
SNP
has
been
amplified
using
gene-specific
primers
with
NGS
suitable
adaptors.
The
resulting
amplification
products
have
been
pooled
with
other
amplicons
and
sequenced
in
a
MiSeq
Desktop
Sequencer.
The
NGS
pipeline
output
paired
sequence
files
have
been
used
as
input
for
the
analysis
with
CLC
Genomics
Workbench
software. Results:
Initial
tests
were
performed
with
plasma
DNA
from
the
artificial
chimeric
mixtures,
having
a
1
to
20%
minor
component
represented.
Parallel
amplification
of
the
AMEL
gene
and
the
SRY
locus
has
been
optimized
as
well
to
include
a
fetal
sex
marker.
Optimal
amplicon
size
and
input
plasma
DNA
have
been
assessed
with
a
restricted
panel
of
clinical
samples
representing
the
real
scenario
of
application.
Conclusion:
This
NGS
method
for
non-invasive
fetal
Kell
genotyping
has
shown
specific
and
sensitive
detection
of
the
fetal
KEL1
allele
in
clinical
samples
of
sensitized
pregnant
women.
It
is
also
compatible
with
the
simultaneous
sequence
analysis
of
multiple
amplicons
from
different
loci.
In
this
sense,
further
developments
may
include
other
loci
of
blood
group
polymorphisms,
potentially
involved
in
haemolytic
disease
of
the
newborn
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Fetus -- Malalties
Antígens dels grups sanguinis
Hematologia -- Malalties
Genotip
Fetus -- Diseases
Blood group antigens
Hematology -- Diseases
Genotype
Aplicació de la tecnologia de seqüenciació massiva a la determinació del genotip Kell Fetal a partir del plasma matern
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11208/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
b0b5d549e059f934f45c805ca82784dd
3573480
application/pdf
TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/112092015-10-10T00:00:58Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Febrer Castell, Margalida
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2015-10-09T09:19:59Z
2015-10-09T09:19:59Z
2015-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11209
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder very alive in today’s society. One of the drugs tested in animals which has shown neuroprotective properties is LP226A1 (a DHA α-hydroxylated derivative).
The aim of this work was focused on the investigation of the mechanism of action of this drug. Specifically, our work was focused on searching for and isolating of LP226A1 binding proteins (LP226BPs) by separation of membrane proteins from mouse cortex by ion exchange (IEX) and hydrophobicity (HIC) chromatography using different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations as eluent. The resulting fractions from those techniques were tested in radio-binding assays to LP226A1 in order to test the presence of LP226BPs. Interestingly, our results showed two different protein fractions from IEX with evident binding to LP226A1. One of them was further separated by HIC in order to get LP226BP-enriched fractions. This additional analysis revealed other two fractions which showed binding to LP226A1 and that might be considered as semi-purified LP226BPs.
On the other hand, affinity chromatography was addressed to isolate LP226BPs from soluble protein fractions. For this purpose, the drug was anchored to nitrocellulose. Such anchorage was confirmed by gas chromatography. This LP226A1-bound nitrocellulose was used as stationary phase for affinity chromatography, and indeed, this was incubated with soluble protein from mouse cortex and treated under different conditions in order to promote interaction between anchored LP226A1 with soluble proteins from the medium. Captured proteins were eluted and the resulting samples were analysed by electrophoresis and coomassie blue staining. The results showed that binding of soluble proteins was not via LP226A1, and in fact, they were non-specifically bound to the nitrocellulose membrane.
Finally, western blot analysis was performed to analyse FA2H expression (enzyme in charge of fatty acid α-hydroxylation) in human brain samples from AD patients and healthy controls. These results showed a percentage of AD patients with up-regulated levels of FA2H as compared with healthy controls which might indicate a neuronal response to counteract the early onset of the neuropathology
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Alzheimer, Malaltia d’ -- Investigació
Cromatografia
Biotecnologia farmacèutica
Alzheimer’s disease -- Research
Chromatographic analysis
Pharmaceutical biotechnology
Mechanism of action of hydroxyl-docosahexaenoic acid molecule in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: identification of potential receptors in brain
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11209/1/Mem%C3%B2riaTFG.pdf
File
MD5
8be14897d919510186c8aadd248d21e8
1389301
application/pdf
MemòriaTFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/112102015-10-10T00:00:57Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Fernández Baena, Alex
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2015-10-09T09:36:19Z
2015-10-09T09:36:19Z
2015-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11210
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the leading reason of nontraumatic neurological disability in young adults. We know that genetics plays a role in its development. It has described many susceptibility genes for MS, but together they are not able to explain the development of the disease. This project is based on the genetic study of a gypsy family with a large number of individuals affected by MS and a high level of inbreeding. Therefore, the genetic study of this family has excellent conditions to detect MS susceptibility genes.
This project aims to validate genetic changes identified in an exome study realized in a small number of individuals of the total family (4 individuals affected by MS and 1 healthy individual used as control for the reference alleles). On the basis of the results of the exome study, it has been selected for validation in all individuals of the family, those genes in which the function of the resulting protein and the functional consequence of genetic change may be involved in the development of MS. Previously to the genetic study, genes sequences has been searched, the changes localized and identified the regions of interest. Then, the optimal conditions for amplification have been established. Validation of selected changes has been made by Sanger sequencing or RT-PCR with TaqMan® probes. No significant differences were observed for the genotype between healthy and affected individuals in any analyzed gene. Due to the low coverage in some regions analyzed in the exome study, it has observed low concordance between genotyping provided by exome study and the one obtained in the validation.
Because of the importance of HLA in MS susceptibility, DRB1 and DQB1 genes have been analyzed by Luminex® system. None of the studied individuals presents the genotypes DRB1*15:01 and DQB1*06: 02 considered at risk of MS. However, the DRB1*03 genotype is common in this family.
The genes studied in this project are not able to explain the presence of MS in the family
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Esclerosi múltiple -- Aspectes genètics
Multiple sclerosis -- Genetic aspects
Validació d’un estudi d’exòmica en una familia afectada d’esclerosi múltiple
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11210/1/Mem%C3%B2ria+TFG.pdf
File
MD5
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application/pdf
Memòria TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/112132015-10-10T00:00:56Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Martinez Ortega, Andrea
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2015-10-09T10:48:16Z
2015-10-09T10:48:16Z
2015-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11213
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the most used yeast in the alimentary field due to its ability to do different types of fermentation, such as the alcoholic one. Thanks to this metabolic process, we can benefit of many products such as bread, wine and beer, since the prehistory. This work is a bibliographic research about the most significant biotechnological improvements for the optimization of these industrial food processes based on both genetic modifications and domestication of S. cerevisiae. To carry out this final degree work, the scientific database PubMed and printed books from the library of the University of Girona and other internet searches were used.
Related to wine, the resistance mechanism of S. cerevisiae against high concentrations of sulphites, which cause cell toxicity, has been studied for years. It has been shown that the most effective ways to facilitate this resistance by domestication strategies are the use of strains capable of forming a non-toxic complex with acetaldehyde or consuming sulphites by the sulphite reductase enzyme, sulphitolysis by glutathione and, overexpression of the SSU1 gene, encoding a sulphite pump that detoxifies the cell. To improve wine quality, genetic engineering is used to give more body and sweetness, for example by glycerol overproduction. Also, for a more fruity taste a strain able to liberate the monoterpenes containing in grape, by breaking the glycosidic bond is required. Finally, to avoid wine acidification, malic acid consumption is improved in the malolactic fermentation.
In beer production, biotechnological improvements have been mainly achieved by genetic engineering, which has focused on the clarification by the degradation of linear polymers of glucose S. cerevisiae, conferring to it the ability to secrete endoglucanases. For the production of low calorie beer, it has been improved the S.cerevisae’s ability to degradate dextrins and other carbohydrates derived from starch. The use of transgenic strains of S.cerevisae, able to to transform the α-acetolactate to acetoin, has overcome the problem of the accumulation of diacetyl at the end of fermentation, product that gives to the beer an undesired sweeteness; acetoin does not affect the taste.
Concerning to the production of bread, several strategies have been developed for producing large-scale S.cerevisiae biomass cheaply; for this purpose, the melibiose consumption from molasses has been optimized to use it as a carbon source. It has also been studied the use of strains that prioritize the utilization of maltose and, thus increase the speed of the baking process. Finally, it has been studied how to overcome the effects of thermal stress caused by the freezing of S. cerevisiae strains used in the baking process; the overexpression of genes for cold protection and also of aquaporins that helps to preserve cell viability have been successfully tested
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Fermentació
Pa -- Indústria i comerç
Vi -- Indústria i comerç
Cervesa -- Indústria i comerç
Aliments -- Biotecnologia
Fermentation
Food -- Biotechnology
Bread industry
Wine industry
Beer industry
Most significant biotechnological improvements on the production process of wine, beer and bread
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11213/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
fc216bc20b64399a1990c62b083dc040
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application/pdf
TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/112142015-10-10T00:01:02Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Molas i Soler, Mercè
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2015-10-09T11:03:55Z
2015-10-09T11:03:55Z
2015-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11214
Releases of foreign specimens to wild populations is deteriorating genetic integrity of native populations. Identifying whether the origin of the individuals in wild populations is native or not, is crucial to improve protection and conservation management strategies. Brown trout (Salmo trutta) is suffering such releases. In this species, it is possible to know the genetic makeup of each individual and estimate the population levels of introgression caused by genetically differentiated foreign fish. Genetic studies allow to identify and to distinguish the different genotypes, the population level of genetic diversity (alleles range and present genotypes) and patterns of distribution of genetic variability among populations.
In a large population, where there is random mating and no mutation, neither migration nor selection, allele and genotype frequencies become stable in one generation. This is called the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law, which is a crucial genetic model for the conservation of the population diversity and the genetic study of natural populations.
By using genotype information at 5 microsatellite loci and at the LDH-C1 locus, the present study characterized the brown trout (Salmo trutta) population in the upper reaches of the Ter River. The level of genetic introgression (caused by releases of trout cultivated at the Bagà hatchery) was estimated. The Bagà hatchery stock is used to reinforce wild populations in Catalonian Rivers. Furthermore, we also studied the genetic differentiation of the Ter River brown trout in relation to another population from the Freser River headwaters (the Núria stream), the most important Ter River tributary.
Results showed that there is only a single brown trout population at the studied Ter River location. This population did not present any genetic introgression. In relation to the Freser and Bagà fish, it was concluded that there is a significant genetic differentiation between the different studied trout collections. Thus, results showed three clearly differentiated populations: Ter, Núria and Bagà. In spite of this, some individuals from Freser River have genetic traces from the other populations. This finding indicated that the analysed trout population in the Freser River was affected by released Bagà trout, and, on the other hand, that there is natural contact between Ter and Freser brown trout populations
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Truites (Peixos) -- Genètica -- Catalunya -- Ter (Curs d'aigua)
Truita comuna -- Genètica -- Catalunya -- Ter (Curs d'aigua)
Animals invasors -- Catalunya -- Ter (Curs d'aigua)
Biologia de poblacions -- Catalunya -- Ter (Curs d'aigua)
Trout -- Genetics -- Catalonia -- Ter (River)
Population biology -- Catalonia -- Ter (River)
Introduced organisms -- Catalonia -- Ter (River)
Efecte de les repoblacions sobre les poblacions de truita de la conca del riu Ter
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11214/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
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application/pdf
TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/112152015-10-10T00:01:03Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Prat Ferrer, Cristina
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2015-10-09T11:12:39Z
2015-10-09T11:12:39Z
2015-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11215
Iron is an essential element for many biological life forms as part of a large number of prosthetic groups of proteins involved in central cellular processes. The cellular iron content should be maintained within a narrow range to avoid the adverse consequences of iron deficiency or excess. The preservation of cellular iron homeostasis is achieved through coordinated regulation of iron absorption, storage and export by protein IRP1 (Iron Regulatory Protein 1). IRP1 (PDB 3SNP) binds IREs (Iron Responsive Elements) in UTRs of mRNAs that encode proteins involved in the iron recruitment, abduction and export. On the other hand, the cytosolic aconitase (PDB 2B3Y), that contains a cluster [4Fe-4S] at active site, and is a key enzyme in the main energy production pathway being part of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Aconitase and IRP1 show significant sequence identity and the main hypothesis is that they are both the same protein despite the significant structural and functional differences.
The first objective of this study is to determine whether these two proteins are really the same. By using computational methods, the mechanism by which the apo-2B3Y can alter its function, going from a closed conformation with the [4Fe-4S] cluster to an open conformation without cluster, has been studied in detail. To understand the conformational change, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. Overall, the results obtained in this work have shown that the enzyme cytosolic aconitase evolves towards an open conformation. Thus, concluding that the same protein performs two functions: in low iron conditions it bind to IREs mRNA acting as IRP1 and in high iron conditions assembles [4Fe-4S] cluster acting as cytosolic aconitase. The second aim of the project consists of analysing the effect of mutations on the aconitase conformational change. In this work, several residues from the opening cavity are mutated. The most significant effects corresponds to the double mutation S778A_R780Q which is able to retain the protein in a closed conformation similar to PDB 2B3Y. The residues 778 and 780 play an important role in the transition from cytosolic aconitase to IRP1, being a critical factor in identifying iron-related diseases and in advancing the clinical treatments for such disorders of iron metabolism
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Enzims
Dinàmica molecular
Proteïnes -- Conformació
Enzymes
Molecular Dynamics
Proteins -- Conformation
La Doble vida de l’aconitasa: regulació dels nivells de ferro i del metabolisme
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11215/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
443a558d1938fe686b3f4516e9a18a41
2697976
application/pdf
TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/118642016-01-15T01:00:47Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Badillo Lisakowski, Victor
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-01-14T09:39:38Z
2016-01-14T09:39:38Z
2015-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11864
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, an early-stage of pre-implantation embryo, and are capable of unlimited, undifferentiated proliferation in vitro. They are pluripotent, meaning they are able to differentiate into all derivatives of the three primary germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm. ES cells are key tools for genetic engineering, development of stem cell-based therapies and basic research on pluripotency and early lineage commitment. The use of stem cells as therapeutics to treat genetic defects depends on how efficient are the approaches to manipulate their genome. Traditional non-viral strategies are generally less efficient in delivering DNA and initiating gene expression, but they are safer, cheaper, producible easily in large quantities and have higher genetic material carrying capacity.
Therefore, FuGENE® HD (Promega), SuperFect® (Qiagen), Lipofectamine® 2000 (Invitrogen) and also electroporation were used to transiently transfect fluorescently labelled expression vectors into an mES cell line in order to optimize a reliable and efficient protocol that could be applied for some of the new mutagenesis methods. In most of the new site-directed mutagenesis techniques, more than one plasmid has to be introduced into the cell. For this reason, co-transfection and single transfection efficiencies of plasmids encoding the mCherry fluorescent protein and the EGFP were simultaneously determined.
Transfection and co-transfection efficiencies of 52-83% were found for FuGENE® HD transfection reagent, which was shown to be most efficient and reliable. In addition, in 90-93% of the co-transfected colonies both fluorescent proteins were co-expressed. This optimized transfection protocol was followed to successfully assess a new recombinase mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) system in an mES RMCE-in cell line as a more attractive alternative to the commercial Flp-in cell lines
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Cèl•lules mare embrionàries
Mutagènesi
Rates (Animals de laboratori) -- Enginyeria genètica
Embryonic stem cells
Mutagenesis
Mice as laboratory animals -- Genetic engineering
Optimization of mouse embryonic stem cell transfection for the new mutagenesis methods
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11864/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
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TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/118652016-01-15T01:00:52Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Espinosa Angona, Carmen
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-01-14T09:43:53Z
2016-01-14T09:43:53Z
2015-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11865
A study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of an hydrological alteration caused by drought (due both to the Mediterranean climate and human action) and the presence of fish on a given ecosystem. It was held in Llémena stream, a eutrophic one, where it will differentiated two sites (site 1 with a permanent water regime and site 2, with an intermittent regime). Cages or enclosures were built, each of which was used for a different treatment: one in which the fish were excluded (FE), one that maintained the basal conditions (Ctrl) and one in which fish were added (BM). The study lasted fifteen days, and ammonia excretion by the fish, the stoichiometry of fish, macroinvertebrates and epilithon, and nutrient uptake by the epilithon were evaluated, taking samples at the end of the experiment. The comparison between sites and treatments showed a higher amount of biomass in the permanent site, but this was less active, due to the accumulation of accessory pigments and of degradation products of chlorophyll, whereas intermittent site epilithon was lower but richer in photosynthetic organisms. Algal biomass loss was found associated with the presence of macroinvertebrates, these being higher in the intermittent site due to the lower density of fish. Finally, the results of this study suggest a negative effect generated by the presence of fish, preventing epilithon rejuvenation and causing the saturation of the milieu
spa
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Ecologia fluvial -- Catalunya -- Llémena (Curs d'aigua)
Llémena (Catalunya : Curs d'aigua) -- Condicions mediambientals
Stream ecology – Catalonia – Llémena (River)
Llémena (Catalonia : River) -- Environmental conditions
Efectos directos e indirectos de la de la alteración hidrológica en un arroyo del Mediterráneo
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11865/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
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TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/118662016-01-15T01:00:54Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Eroles Navarro, Mar
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-01-14T09:49:03Z
2016-01-14T09:49:03Z
2015-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/11866
The IDPN is an ototoxic nitrile that kills the vestibular cells of experimental animals. These cells are related to motor skills like balance, visual stabilization and body acceleration as has been observed in mice that were administered with this substance. It is believed that the increase in neurodegenerative diseases and the loss of these skills with aging could be related with the increasingly presence of nitriles on the environment. Currently the metabolic pathway that follows the IDPN in the body is unknown, although several hypotheses have been described which result in three metabolites: BAPN, β-alanine and cyanoacetic acid as these compounds have been detected in urine of rats. In the development of animal models to study the relationship of nitriles with neurodegenerative diseases it is essential to develop analytical methodologies for detecting and quantifying these compounds on biological samples that will be able to establish a direct relationship between their presence in the experimental animal bodies, which causes motor diseases, and their effects on the vestibular system that leads to vestibular cells death. For this reason, the objective of the present study is to develop an analytical method by liquid chromatography for detecting and quantifying them in blood samples.
In this study, we have determined the experimental conditions for each stage of the analytical method: detection and determination of IDPN and its possible metabolites, treatment of blood samples, derivatisation of the samples, chromatographic conditions, calibration and recoveries. The method has been applied to the analysis of mice’s blood samples after administration of 24mg / kg dose of IDPN for several days. We have also analyzed the relationship between the concentrations of its metabolites, 3-aminopropionitril (BAPN) and β-alanine, in plasma with behavioural and vestibular immunohistologic studies of the same group of mices. The results indicate an inverse relationship between the concentrations of metabolites in blood and the vestibular damage caused by IDPN
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Neurotoxicologia
Neurotoxines
Metabòlits
Cromatografia
Rates (Animals de laboratori)
Nitrils
Neurotoxicology
Neurotoxic agents
Metabolites
Chromatographic analysis
Mice as laboratory animals
Nitriles
Desenvolupament de metodologia analítica per la determinació de neurotòxics i els seus metabòlits en sang de ratolí per cromatografia
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/11866/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
6e9c72e64f321a04c4119c4b6f775afd
1129927
application/pdf
TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/121002016-02-19T01:00:49Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Suari Rivera, Ariadna
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-02-18T08:27:42Z
2016-02-18T08:27:42Z
2015-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12100
Nowadays society faces a worrying energy sources shortage due to the growth of the world population and the rapid exhaustion of fossil fuel reserves. Renewable energy as plant biomass plays a central role to face the future, thus the increase in plant mass is an important target. Consequently, cell expansion mechanism, greatly contributing to biomass, is a current topic in scientific studies. Because of the suitable characteristics as a model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana was chosen in order to perform the present study. An interesting Arabidopsis mutant, apollo, was isolated at Professor Vissenberg’s lab. Light-grown apollo shows a 4 times hypocotyl length increase over WT plants due to increased cell elongation. In this work we introduce ORPHEUS, a gene affected by the T-DNA insertion in apollo. Its study can provide useful knowledge about the mechanism/regulation of cell expansion
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Biomassa forestal
Energia de la biomassa
Conreus energètics
Conreus -- Enginyeria genètica
Energies renovables
Forest biomass
Biomass energy
Energy crops
Crops -- Genetic engineering
Renewable energy sources
Molecular study of ORPHEUS, a transcription factor potentially involved in (cell) expansion of Arabidopsis thaliana hypocotyls
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12100/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
d849aaca88267659663ee58eb14c57d1
1679273
application/pdf
TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129222016-10-26T00:01:12Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Cantos Parra, Ester
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-25T08:49:43Z
2016-10-25T08:49:43Z
2016-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12922
Seventy years. These are approximately the years in which it is believed that fossil fuels will run out, although the variability of the rate at which they are consumed makes it difficult to say an exact number. Seventy years to look for, explore and define alternatives, since they constitute a very important part of everyday life for the majority of population. Despite the fact that prioritizing policies are promoted, such as using public transport, electric cars… the problem is only postponed but not deleted. Moreover, fossil fuels combustion emit pollutant gases, as carbon dioxide, which in huge quantities contributes to greenhouse effect; nitrogen oxides that contribute to acid rain; and carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons that cause skin and respiratory problems.
One alternative to fossil fuels are biofuels. There are some bacteria able to use syngas, a mix of primarily hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, as a hydrogen and reducing power source for alcohols production. Acetogenic bacteria are obligate anaerobes capable of growing with inorganic carbon as the unique carbon and reducing power source through the Wood-Ljungdahl pathway (WLP). Formate is a metabolite produced in this way, in which an acetil-CoA molecule is transformed into acids and alcohols, at the expense of huge quantities of reducing power. For this reason, formate was presented as an already reduced carbon compound to help in the increase of alcohols production.
This work studies the effect of formate addition in acid and alcohol production of two bacterial species, Clostridium ljungdahlii and Clostridium autoethanogenum, during their stationary phase. It has been also studied the genetic expression of a formate transporter during the growing phase, because it is thought that it can work as an efflux pump, regulating formate intracellular level in order to avoid its toxicity.
Thus, it has been concluded that formate addition at stationary phase of bacteria does not have any effect on their alcohol production, and also that bacteria presented a rapid consume of formate when it was added at the beginning of the exponential growth phase, but not an enhancement of their productivity
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Alcohols
Fonts d'energia
Alcohols
Power resources
Àcid fòrmic
Estudi de la influència del formiat en el desenvolupament de Clostridium ljungdahlii i Clostridium autoethanogenum
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12922/1/TFG+ESTER+CANTOS.pdf
File
MD5
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application/pdf
TFG ESTER CANTOS.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129282016-10-26T00:01:04Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Casado Ramón, Eva
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-25T10:01:39Z
2016-10-25T10:01:39Z
2016-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12928
3,3'-iminodipropionitrile (IDPN) is a neurotoxin that can metabolize in 3-Aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and β-alanine, among other metabolites. In this study we developed a chromatographic method for the determination of IDPN and two of its possible metabolites, BAPN and β-alanine in biological samples using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system equipped with diode array detector (DAD). The developed method has been evaluated by analyzing spiked mouse serum samples. The aim of this study is to study the matrix effects and to calculate the recoveries of these compounds in this type of samples.
Derivatization of the amino group is required to facilitate UV-Vis detection of the three compounds of interest. In this study, dansyl chloride was selected as the derivatization agent. The conditions of the derivatization reaction such as temperature, time, pH and concentration of the derivatitzing agent were studied and especially those required for obtaining IDPN derivatives. Finally, despite the extreme conditions tested, IDPN was not derivatized. Therefore, this compound was not determined and only BAPN and β-alanine were included in the method. The chromatographic separation and detection conditions by HPLC-DAD for these compounds were then studied.
Once established the optimum conditions of derivatization and chromatographic separation, we calculated calibration curve for BAPN and β-alanine, setting the range of linearity and limits of detection and quantification of this method for the determination of these compounds. To study the recovery of compounds in mouse serum samples we tested different procedures of sample treatment after spiking the samples with BAPN and β-alanine.
The results show a linearity interval of 0,67-2 ppm for β-alanine and a detection limit of 0,2 ppm despite we could not achieved enough sensitivity with this method to determine lower concentrations. For BAPN, the sensitivity is even lower than for β-alanine and the calibration curve has linearity interval of 0,61-2 ppm with a detection limit of 0,18 ppm.
In order to determine the recoveries of these compounds from the serum samples, we tested several sample treatments to remove serum proteins: HClO4, acetone-methanol, centrifugal filters AMICON 3 KDa and combinations of centrifugal filters with the other two treatments. The results were not positive in any of the procedures tested to treat samples and we could not prevent chromatographic peaks of serum components did not interfere in the peaks of the compounds of interest. The matrix effect is strong in this case and therefore we could not calculate the recovery percentage of β-alanine and BAPN in serum samples
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Neurotoxicologia
Neurotoxines
Nitrils
Rates (Animals de laboratori)
Cromatografia
Metabòlits
Neurotoxicology
Neurotoxic agents
Metabolites
Chromatographic analysis
Mice as laboratory animals
Nitriles
Desenvolupament d'un mètode analític per la determinació de neurotòxics en sèrum de ratolí per HPLC-DAD
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12928/1/TFG+EVA+final.pdf
File
MD5
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application/pdf
TFG EVA final.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129332021-06-08T06:59:45Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Font Calvarons, Cristina
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-25T11:25:15Z
2016-10-25T11:25:15Z
2016-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12933
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a widely used technique in many different fields such as proteomics, drug discovery and genomics. It measures the m/z ratio of the different components of a sample producing a mass spectrum, which has to be calibrated with internal or external calibration standards. In this project we studied if flower-like gold nanoparticles (AuNFs), red gold nanoparticles (red AuNPs) and red phosphorus (red P) could be used as internal calibration standards for matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) MS analyses of intact eukaryotic (HEK 293) cells.
These elements form distinct monoisotopic clusters by laser desorption/ionization (LDI) which makes them ideal for being used as external calibration standards. When studying their capability as internal calibration standards for MALDI TOF MS technique we realized that sinapinic acid (SA) interacted with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) impeding gold clusters to appear on the spectrum. Still AuNPs could not be used as internal calibration standards when we removed the matrix using surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) TOF MS technique as no organic compounds of HEK 293 cells at a high m/z range could be seen on the spectrum. Thus, we let crystallize the matrix with the cells before adding the AuNFs. By doing so, we minimized the interaction between sinapinic acid and gold and at the same time enhanced the ionization of high molecular compounds of HEK 293 cells. We partially succeeded by following this methodology as HEK 293 organic compounds could be seen at a high m/z range but gold clusters could only be seen at a low m/z range (800 m/z). The same methodology was used for red P and obtained better results. Phosphorus clusters could be seen up to 2600 m/z together with HEK 293 organic compounds at a high m/z range.
Cytotoxicity of these three elements was also studied in HEK 293 cells. Gold nanoparticles have numerous applications in the medicine field, thus studying its toxicity is of great importance. Red phosphorus is not as widely used but still its toxicity was also studied. Cell viability and proliferation was not affected by AuNPs whereas it was negatively altered by red phosphorus in dose dependent manner.
A further analysis was done by comparing the mass spectra of treated cells (with AuNPs and red P) and non-treated cells. We determined that AuNPs geometry is an important issue to be considered. Regarding red P, no differences were observed when comparing the mass spectra
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Nanoparticles
Gold
Phosphorus
Mass spectrometry
Espectrometria de masses
Fòsfor
Or
Nanopartícules
Red phosphorus and gold nanoparticles as novel candidates for intact cell MALDI TOF MS
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12933/1/Font+Calvarons+Cristina-TFG-BT2016.pdf
File
MD5
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Font Calvarons Cristina-TFG-BT2016.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129362016-10-26T00:00:58Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Hernández Pujol, Alba Maria
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-25T12:11:05Z
2016-10-25T12:11:05Z
2016-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12936
Few population--‐based epidemiological studies are published related to the incidence and survival of non--‐melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) in the literature. This group of epithelial neoplasms, which includes squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), basal cell carcinoma (BCC), Merkel cel carcinoma (MCC), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFS) and adnexal and skin appendages neoplasm (ASAN), tends to be under—registrated in population—based cancer registries mainly due to diagnostic and therapeutic procedure. The Girona Cancer Registry (GCR), thanks to a systematic and exhaustive review of diagnosed cases of NMSC and an active collaboration of clinicans, pathologist and oncologists, has data for these types of skin cancers since 1994 to 2012 in the province of Girona
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Pell -- Càncer -- Diagnòstic
Pell -- Càncer -- Girona (Catalunya : Província)
Skin -- Cancer -- Diagnosis
Skin -- Cancer -- Girona
Incidència i supervivència del càncer de pell no melanoma a la província de Girona: estudi de base poblacional durant el període 1994-‐2012
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12936/1/Mem%C3%B2riaTFG_AlbaMariaHern%C3%A1ndezPujol.pdf
File
MD5
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1882372
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MemòriaTFG_AlbaMariaHernándezPujol.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129582016-10-28T00:01:04Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Maimó Pérez, Neus
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-27T09:21:33Z
2016-10-27T09:21:33Z
2016-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12958
PREP in an endopeptridase member of the serine peptidase family that has a selective mechanism: it cleaves peptides with no more than amino acid residues at the carboxyl side of proline residues. It has a high expression in brain and central nervous system (CNS) and has been found to be related to some neurodegenerative pathologies like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson, Schizophrenia, mania, depression and epilepsy.
The main goal for this project was to synthesise molecular imaging probes to follow the evolution of PREP expression during epiletogenesis. This imaging probes consist of three main parts: a PREP inhibitor as a targeting moiety biotin and rhodamine B piperazine anaolgues as signal agents and a linker that connects both parts. Tqo different signat agents have been synthesised in order to know wich is the best option.
The generic structure for PREP inhibitor has been divided in the building blocks: (S)-pyrrolidine -2- carbozamide hydrochloride, (2S, 4S)-4-azido-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and 4-phenybutanoyl chloride, wich were synthesised separately and coupled in the end following the synthesis pathway reported before in 2012 by Van der Veken et al. Finally, a dehydration ot the primary amide group was done in order to obtain a carbonitrile warhead that reduces the proximity between the imaging probe and the target, PREP
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Sondes moleculars
Pèptids -- Síntesi
Molecular probes
Peptides -- Synthesis
Synthesis and evaluation of imaging probes for prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP)
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12958/1/TFG_NEUSMAIMO.pdf
File
MD5
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TFG_NEUSMAIMO.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129602016-10-28T00:01:11Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Martínez Moreno, Albert
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-27T10:31:26Z
2016-10-27T10:31:26Z
2016-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12960
Bacterial inclusion bodies (IBs) are proteinaceous aggregates that are used as
nanoparticulate materials to engineer the nanoscale topography. They assist cell culture,
proving a positive impact not only on colonization and proliferation, but also on cell
morphology. Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) are formed as a result of a
spontaneous self-organization of functionalized organic molecules onto appropriate
substrates into stable, well-defined structures.
The interaction between different types of SAMs and IBs was studied: different selfassembled
molecules give place to different interactions with IBs. Maleimide and OH
terminated SAMs were produced, and this platform, surface functionalization using
SAMs combined with IBs, was used to perform preliminary studies of cell guidance.
Escherichia coli and Lactococcus lactis IBs were produced, purified and characterized.
Microcontact printing (μCP) using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp was carried
out to provide a stripe pattern of IBs on the SAMs, thus providing IB substrate scaffolds
in a pattern, which assisted growth and guidance of cultured neuroblastoma cells. Actin,
nuclei and paxillin staining of the cells was performed and observation with confocal
microscopy revealed that focal adhesions (FA) were formed specifically on the IB
patterns. Cell alignment on the pattern and cellular bridges were also observed and it
was determined that L. lactis IBs promoted more FA formation per cell than E. coli IBs.
This new approach opens new horizons in the field of tissue engineering and
regenerative medicine towards the development of a new generation of innovative
biotechnologically engineered biomaterials
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Biomedical materials
Recombinant proteins
Nanostructures
Nanoestructures
Materials biomèdics
Proteïnes recombinants
Focal adhesion regulation through microcontact printig of protein nanoparticles on self-assembled monolayers for cell guidance
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12960/1/TFG_MartinezMoreno_Albert.pdf
File
MD5
2fc40802bc67c41149900e904d558430
1664553
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TFG_MartinezMoreno_Albert.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129622016-10-28T00:01:10Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Martín Cañabate, Jessica
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-27T11:01:21Z
2016-10-27T11:01:21Z
2016-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12962
Skull base neurosurgery means an important challenge due to the difficulty to reach this area without affecting nearby neural and vascular structures and the barrier between the cerebrospinal fluid and the external environment. Traditional surgery is an invasive technique, which consists in drilling a hole in the cranium (craniotomy), being dangerous as it can compromise some important structures. For this reason, endoscopic techniques have emerged. They use a minimally invasive procedure, taking advantage of the natural openings, as the nose and the mouth, to reach the skull base, by drilling a hole in the clivus.
The background of this study is Poly(ε-caprolactone) prostheses' design and manufacturing that can be used to close the drilled hole in the clivus, by tissue engineering. In this way, the current project is based on PCL scaffolds' design and manufacturing for three-dimensional fibroblast culture. In the connective-tissue cell family, fibroblasts are the easiest to grow in culture and the most versatile to differentiate into other members of the family.
Scaffolds have been designed with different deposition angles (90, 60 and 45°) and different distances between filaments (0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 mm). They have been produced using the RepRap BCN3D+ printer in order to evaluate the optimal parameters for the three-dimensional cell culture.
The different designs have been tested in cell culture with the fibroblastic line NIH/3T3. The scaffolds with a deposition angle of 90° are those which have showed the largest cell viability, followed by 60° scaffolds and, finally, by 45° ones. On the other hand, it has been observed a higher number of cells attached to filaments in scaffolds with a distance between filaments of 0.5 mm than in the other ones. No differences have been appreciated between 0.7 and 0.9 mm scaffolds.
The obtained results confirm the ease of fibroblasts to grow under any culture condition. In this way, three-dimensional fibroblast culture with PCL scaffolds manufactured with RepRap BCN3D+ printer could be useful to generate constructs that by tissue engineering could close the drilled hole in the clivus, which serves as a door in neurosurgery
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Biomedical materials
Fibroblasts
Skull -- Surgery
Crani -- Cirurgia
Fibroblasts
Materials biomèdics
Disseny i fabricació de scaffolds de Poli(Ɛ-caprolactona) (PCL) per al cultiu 3D de fibroblasts
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12962/1/Mart%C3%ADnCa%C3%B1abate_Jessica.pdf
File
MD5
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application/pdf
MartínCañabate_Jessica.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129632016-10-28T00:00:52Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Morales Vicén, Andrea
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-27T11:20:32Z
2016-10-27T11:20:32Z
2016-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12963
The high demand of food, adequate nutrition levels, as well as the decreasing on the availability of raw materials, are topics that nowadays require our attention. However, the growing concern about the increasing on pollution and the thousands of tons of waste that end up in our environment have become important matters. What can we do and how can we solve the problem of waste? Specifically, the meat industry, which is one of the industries that has a lower yield (despite its size and the amount of gross sales carried out), is the one that requires more effort in terms of reducing expenses; by renewing its methods and plant processes, waste recovery and the reuse of the leftovers, they can transform the waste into useful products for human and animal consumption.
The blood that remains after slaughter of livestock is one of the products that is currently under investigation for its recovery and exploitation, thanks to its nutritional characteristics, its high content in proteins and specially because of the heme iron that it contains.
The aims of this work were the characterization and the improvement of the stability of a food colorant, which had been previously developed by the Food Technology research group of INTEA. The colorant consisted on a haemoglobin-based powder derived from hygienically collected porcine blood suitable for human consumption purposes.
The drying system used in this work, called spray drying, provides a powdered product that maintains an acceptable red colour during all the process but tends to worsen during storage. The encapsulation of the haemoglobin derivative, which can be achieved simultaneously to the dehydration during the spray-drying process, should allow an improvement in stability and expand the pH range at which it can be applied.
Taking into consideration the results of this work, despite the variability due to the raw materials and the drying process, the obtained product was sufficiently homogeneous and showed a good colour. The product has low moisture content and water activity. The amount of ash, as well as the high percentage of proteins, suggests that the product shows a high nutritional value and can be used as a supplement in diets that are poor in nutrients
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Porcs -- Indústria i comerç -- Subproductes
Hematologia veterinària
Colorants en els aliments
Residus animals
Sang -- Deshidratació
Blood -- Drying
Coloring matter in food
Pigs -- Industry and trade -- Products
Veterinary hematology
Estabilització d’un colorant alimentari derivat d’hemoglobina per deshidratació – encapsulació
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12963/1/TFG_AndreaMorales.pdf
File
MD5
099e923a914a74fce844670187db97b2
1276154
application/pdf
TFG_AndreaMorales.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129662016-10-28T00:00:59Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Palomanes Jimenez, Aitor
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-27T11:47:30Z
2016-10-27T11:47:30Z
2016-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12966
The prostate-specific antigen, known as PSA, is a glycoprotein that is secreted in the prostatic epithelial cells and is expressed both in benign and malignant cells. It is used as a marker of the prostate cancer but has some limitations as false positives since other diseases can increase PSA levels too. The solution to this reliability problem can be found in the PSA glycosylation. Studies have shown that in cancer, the composition and connectivity of the sugar chain change as well as the presence of fucose is reduced. Studying this changes can lead to the development of more efficient markers to distinguish cases of prostate cancer from other diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia.
In the work presented a PSA modeling has been made as well as a computational simulation of different glycoforms generated. The original structure of the protein has been obtained from the PDB (3QUM) and has been modified to obtain three different glycoforms. The first glycoform (G1) has been deglycosylated while the other two glycoforms (G2 and G3) have been glycosylated with a biantennary glycosylation. The difference between the two biantennary glycoforms is in the presence or absence of fucose.
To perform the computational simulation of the proteins, classical molecular mechanics has been used as well as the molecular dynamics. After completing the dynamics, an analysis of the rmsd, to study the convergence of the simulations, and the hydrogen bonds, to observe the relevant interactions for protein stability, has been made. The hydrogen bonds distances have also been analyzed.
The time of the three simulations that have been made is comprised between 38 and 57 ns. In the elapsed time, the simulations have not converged and proteins have not achieved the most stable conformation. Concerning the hydrogen bonds analysis, two interactions have been found in the glycoform with fucose that are stronger that the observed in the glycoform without fucose. Finally, the analysis of the hydrogen bonds distances has showed that the G2 and G3 suffer a conformational change toward the end of the simulation
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Glycosylation
Tumor markers
Prostate -- Cancer
Protein research
Proteïnes -- Investigació
Pròstata -- Càncer
Marcadors tumorals
Glicosilació
Modelització de les diverses glicoformes de l’antigen prostàtic específic (PSA)
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12966/1/TFG_Aitor_Palomanes.pdf
File
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TFG_Aitor_Palomanes.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129722016-10-29T00:00:56Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Polonio Alcalá, Emma
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-28T08:59:12Z
2016-10-28T08:59:12Z
2016-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12972
Breast cancer affects more than 1.500.000 of women and it is responsible for more than 500.000 worldwide each year. Tumour cells have the ability to synthesize fatty acids de novo to supply the high demand of energy and synthesis of structures resulting from the high rates of proliferation. Thus, Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN), an enzyme of 270 KDa responsible of lypogenesis, is overexpressed and hyperactivated in most cancers, including breast cancer. The inhibition of FASN causes specific cytotoxicity to cancer cells. For this reason, the development of FASN inhibitors is an interesting strategy for cancer treatment.
In this work, we studied a potentially FASN inhibitory molecule, the FASN Inhibitor X (FIX), and we analyzed its effects on breast cancer cells HER2+. We have evaluated its effects on cell proliferation, FASN expression and activity and on associated signalling pathways, such as PI3K/Akt and AMPK. The results obtained show that the compound presents antiproliferative properties and it inhibits FASN activity without modifying its expression. Regarding FIX effects of signalling pathways,it has been observed an inhibition of proteins involved in cell proliferation, as Akt or S6, parallel to an AMPK activation, a sensor protein of cell energy levels. AMPK is activated at drug concentrations in which Akt is inhibited. Akt inhibition concomitant to AMPK activation is also observed in other FASN inhibitors, consequently these two mechanisms might be related. However, the relationship between AMPK and Akt is not well described and further studies would be needed to confirm it.
To sum up, FIX molecule has shown an ability to inhibit FASN activity and to block proliferation signaling pathways. Consequently it could represent a potential anticancer drug if these results were confirmed in other cell lines and animal models
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Mama -- Càncer
Lípids
Receptors cel·lulars
Breast -- Cancer
Lipids
Cell receptors
Un nou inhibidor sintètic de la sintasa d’àcids grassos (FASN) amb efectes citotòxics
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12972/1/polonio_alcala_emma_tfg.pdf
File
MD5
69114962c6df86b40c7788495672e829
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polonio_alcala_emma_tfg.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129732018-11-16T08:59:57Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Sanchez-Reseco Villaró, Anna
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-28T09:21:10Z
2016-10-28T09:21:10Z
2016-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12973
With the aim of studying genetic variability of Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus) 689 sequences of the mitochondrial DNA control region of this species have been analyzed using bioinformatics tools. Four analysis have been performed based on the study of the number of haplotypes and using a different data treatment in each case. In order to detect which haplotype belongs to each sequence a phylogenetic tree has been created and it has been established that two or more sequences belong to the same haplotype when there isn’t genetic distance between them.
Analyzing the phylogenetic tree the huge variability of T. thynnus populations has been detected, where a large number of haplotypes are made up of only one sequence.
In the four analysis it has been studied how haplotypes appear while the volume of analyzed sequences increases in order to see at what point new haplotypes don’t appear anymore, which means that complete genetic variability of the population has already been represented. The analysis that best represent the objectives suggested have been selected between the four analysis, principally due to data treatment, and it has been concluded that more than 657 sequences have to be analyzed in order to achieve the total representation of T. thynnus population.
Haplotype diversity (h) has also been studied. It has been observed that these statistic values are generally high, despite the fact that they decrease while the volume of analyzed sequences is increasing. High haplotype diversity values indicate that T. thynnus populations present a huge genetic diversity and this implies that an extremely large number of individuals has to be analyzed to represent all this variability. This is essential when population, phylogenetic and phylogeography studies are performed. Moreover, it is crucial to perform population studies correctly when they center around species such as T. thynnus, because it is a highly valued and threatened species. For this reason it is necessary to know when one of these studies do or do not represent the entire Thunnus thynnus population
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Tonyina -- Genètica
Haplotipus
Haplotypes
Tonyina -- Genetics
Estudi bioinformàtic de la variabilitat genètica de la tonyina vermella al Mediterrani
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12973/1/TREBALL+DE+FI+DE+GRAU_AnnaSanchez-ResecoVillaro.pdf
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MD5
80eff5a3d370329b6e47856122ef221c
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TREBALL DE FI DE GRAU_AnnaSanchez-ResecoVillaro.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129742016-10-29T00:00:54Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Vivet Noguer, Raquel
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-28T09:42:48Z
2016-10-28T09:42:48Z
2016-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12974
Cancer is a group of pathologies of clonal origin that appears due to an accumulation of mutations in an organism. It is characterized by an abnormal growth of cells that tend to proliferate in an uncontrolled way leading to the formation of a mass or tissue accumulation commonly known as tumor. Cancer is one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Current cancer treatments can be invasive and sometimes fail at being efficient. For this reason, research is currently focused on targeted therapies. For instance, treatment with Apoptin, which specifically kills cancer cells leaving non-cancer cells unharmed.
Apoptin is a protein coded by the genome of the chicken anemia virus that specifically kills tumor cells. This protein has a strong tendency to aggregate and is a member of the intrinsically disordered proteins, a group of proteins that do not have a defined structure and can interact with several proteins by conformational changes. The aim of this Final Grade Project forms part of a wider project that consists in studying the structural changes that Apoptin suffers when interacting with proteins related to cellular signaling in order to find out more about the molecular basis of the mechanism of cytotoxicity of this protein.
In this project I have cloned two proteins that are known to interact with Apoptin. These proteins are Breast cancer associated gene 3 and Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-like 3 which have been fused to Glutathione S-transferase. For this reason, each gene has been designed choosing the optimal codon usage and introducing the appropriate restriction sites with the aim of cloning them in pGEX-4T-2 vector. This vector contains the DNA sequence that codes for Trombine, which can be used for the removal of Glutathione S-transferase from the recombinant protein. Once the clonation has been finished, the recombinant proteins have been produced in Escherichia coli strain XL1Blue and a variant of Apoptin has been purified. This variant is called H6-ApoptinΔProΔLeu and its residues 1 to 43 have been eliminated in order to reduce its tendency to aggregate without affecting its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells. Once purified, pull-down assays have been performed with the aim of investigating the in vitro interaction of these proteins with Apoptin
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Apoptosi
Enginyeria de proteïnes
Medicaments anticancerosos
Proteïnes supressores de tumors
Càncer
Cancer
Tumor suppressor proteins
Anticancer drugs
Protein engineering
Apoptosis
Cloning, production and purification of proteins that interact with Apoptin
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12974/1/Cloning%2C+production+and+purification+of+proteins+that+interact+with+Apoptin.pdf
File
MD5
16c73858ef0902f23a02159b8936cbac
1138896
application/pdf
Cloning, production and purification of proteins that interact with Apoptin.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/129752016-10-29T00:01:00Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Romero Roda, Gerard
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2016-10-28T10:45:50Z
2016-10-28T10:45:50Z
2016-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/12975
In this study there’s been an assess of the behaviour and distribution of organic polluting compounds that are present in the air of laboratories from the Chemistry Department of the Universitat of Girona and the ability of the analysis of the human volatome of monitoring exposure to those pollutants, i.e. volatile compounds found in the exhaled breath of the laboratory users. For the study there’s been laboratory air sampling, sampling of the breath from workers from the laboratories, and Science Faculty workers, which weren’t in contact with the polluted environments and have been used as control samples. The samples have been collected in Tedlar® bags and have been concentrated with a thermic desorption module with a capillarity microtrap developed by the Analytic Chemistry group of the Universitat of Girona to analyse VOC in air samples at ppbv-pptv levels. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer has been used for the analysis of the samples and the different compound peaks have been measured using different m/z relations for each compound.
The data processing has consisted of an analysis of the pollutant levels in the air of the laboratories 201, 202, 203 and 209 through the day, and a statistical study to verify if there’re meaningful differences between the pollution levels detected in the different laboratories. Followed by a post-hoc study to discover in which laboratories are the differences located. For the breath samples, the data processing has consisted in a statistical study to verify if there’re meaningful differences between the pollution levels detected in the breath samples of the different laboratory users and the controls.
The results have been the notice of a larger pollution in the laboratory 201 either in the air and the breath samples of this area users. There’s also been noticed that a diffusion of the pollutants between different areas is happening because of a non-existent retention and elimination system for the pollutants in the different areas. For the breath samples, evidences of the utility of its analysis as a biomarker for the exposure to volatile pollutants have been found
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Compostos orgànics volàtils
Aire -- Contaminació
Toxicologia ambiental
Volatile organic compounds
Air -- Pollution
Environmental toxicology
Exposició a la contaminació per compostos orgànics volàtils en laboratoris de Química: avaluació de l’anàlisi d’alè (volatoma) com a biomarcador d’exposició
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/12975/1/Treball+de+fi+de+Grau+-+Gerard+Romero+Roda.pdf
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MD5
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Treball de fi de Grau - Gerard Romero Roda.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144172018-11-06T14:38:12Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Amagat Molas, Jordi
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T10:00:26Z
2017-10-08T10:00:26Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14417
The bacterial stringent response is the mechanism that bacteria have to respond to stress conditions such as limiting amino acids, limiting phosphate or fatty acids, carbon limitation or heat shock. When this happens, the stringent response is activated by the small alarmone (p)ppGpp. The accumulation of this compound causes two main situations: the bacterial cellular activity is mostly turned off and the expression systems are focused in expressing survival components.
(p)ppGpp is synthesised by RelA enzyme, which catalyses the reaction between GTP or GDP and ATP in order to form (p)ppGpp. This guanosine tetra or pentaphosphate, activates the pathway to modify the action of RNA polymerase and the cellular expression systems.
RelA has 5 domains: The N-terminal Hydrolase, Synthetase, ThrRS, GTPase and SpoT domain (TGS), Zinc-finger domain and RNA recognition motif. In a recent study (Brown, Fernández, Gordiyenko, & Ramakrishnan, 2016), the ribosome-bound structure has been revealed, and it shows that RelA wraps around the ribosomal A-site with the last two C-terminal domains, although it has some flexible parts which remain unknown.
The present study aimed to purify and crystallize RelA and RelA mutants. Purification and crystallization protocols for RelA and two RelA mutants (RelA Δ2 and RelA Δ5) are presented. For RelA Δ2, the purified protein was obtained by changing the cell line and using different FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) systems. For RelA Δ5, the same purification strategy was followed, and lead to a high amount and pure protein. Crystallization trays were set for both proteins, but no significant results were shown. In RelA-G-His (full construction of the protein), a different strategy was followed. The plan has been to form a complex between a nanobody and RelA to stabilize RelA, thus making the crystallization possible, but for a matter of time it could not be completed. Despite this, a new approach for future crystallization attempts is presented, because the complex was successfully bound using the two purified proteins
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Proteïnes
Cristal·lització
Proteins
Crystallization
Purification and crystallization of RelA Mutants
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14417/1/AmagatMolasJordi.pdf
File
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AmagatMolasJordi.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144182018-11-06T14:39:00Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Blay Cadanet, Júlia
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T10:07:53Z
2017-10-08T10:07:53Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14418
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune and inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system and the second most common cause of neurological dysfunction in young adults. It is known that the susceptibility to MS is regulated by a set of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors, although the mechanisms by which they act remain unknown.
In this study, we have investigated the relationship between one of the environmental risk factors in MS, Epstein Barr virus (EBV), which infects between 90 and 95% of the world population, and an epigenetic factor such as The microRNAs (miRNAs). The miRNAs are small molecules of non-coding RNA that participate in the regulation of gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. It is currently known that EBV has in its genome coding genes for its own miRNAs, which modify some cellular mechanisms of the host to carry out its viral cycle.
OBJECTIVE: Many studies have investigated the regulatory role of miRNAs in the development of MS. The aim of this project was to relate the expression of certain EBV miRNAs to the presence of the disease.
METHODS: Plasma and leukocyte buffy coat samples were collected from a total of 76 MS patients from the unitof Neurimmunology and multiple sclerosis of the Dr. Josep Trueta Hospital and from a set of patients as controls. The miRNAs were extracted with the mirVanaTM PARISTM RNA miRNA extraction kit. The miRNAs have been retrotranscribed and pre-amplified to be detected and quantified in a qRT-PCR.
RESULTS: To carry out the study, eight EBV miRNAs were selected from the 44 totals. In the analysis of these 8 only one of them, the EBV-miRBART22, presented expression in 100% of buffy coat samples and in 96.96% of plasma samples.
The study of differential expression of EBV-miRBART22 between control patients and MS patients showed no significant differences.
The biochemical and genetic variables analyzed associated with the development of MS are more present in MS patients than in controls. The expression of EBV-miRBART22 has shown a tendency to be significant among smokers (p=0.059), where higher levels of EBV-miRBART22 (p = 0.010) were observed in women smokers.
CONCLUSIONS: These results establish that EBV-miR-BART22 is overexpressed in female smokers
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Epigenètica
Esclerosi múltiple -- Aspectes genètics
Multiple sclerosis -- Genetic aspects
Epigenetics
Influència de miRNAs de virus sobre la susceptibilitat a esclerosi múltiple
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14418/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
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TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144192018-11-06T14:39:40Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Caravaca Fuentes, Pau
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T10:11:29Z
2017-10-08T10:11:29Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14419
Cancer is caused by a disproportionate division and growth of cells that end up forming a tumour (due to changes in the expression of oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes). It goes through different stages, the last of which is metastasis. Metastasis occurs when some tumour cells are able to travel through lymphatic or blood vessels and end up spreading in another part of the body. One of the cancers with the highest mortality is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).
It has been shown that the glucidic antigen sialyl Lewis x (sLex) plays an important role in the adhesion of tumour cells to the endothelium. Usually, it is overexpressed in tumour cells because of the overexpression of the sialyltransferase ST3GAL IV (which participates in the antigen biosynthesis). The silencing of the ST3GAL4 gene could decrease the metastatic capacity of PDAC cells. The CRISPR-Cas9 methodology allows gene edition of specific genome sites using the endonuclease Cas9 and an sgRNA complementary to the target sequence where the edition is to be performed. Specific gene editing using this method can be used more routinely than other existing systems such as ZFNs or TALENs.
In order to carry out this work, I have collaborated in the project of achieving and validating the silencing of ST3GAL4 using the CRISPR-Cas9 methodology, optimizing and preparing some processes and steps within the overall project. Very diverse methods have been used, such as primer design, plasmid extraction, survival assays to blasticidin or gene editing detection systems based on the formation of heteroduplexes.
Finally it has been possible to accomplish all the proposed objectives: the presence of the sgRNAs targets in the products amplified by the designed primers have been verified, lentiviral plasmids have been validated and extracted in order to perform gene silencing, the adequate concentration of blasticidin has been found in order to select the cells that have integrated Cas9 in its genome with this antibiotic, and it has been described that the electrophoretic mobility assay of heteroduplexes is better than the T7EI digestion in terms of the speed of the method
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Pàncrees -- Càncer -- Investigació
Adenocarcinoma
Pancreas -- Cancer -- Research
Consecució i validació del silenciament de ST3GAL4 en línies cel·lulars de càncer de pàncrees: optimització de la metodologia
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14419/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
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TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144202018-11-06T14:40:14Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Casadevall Frano, Guillem
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T10:40:58Z
2017-10-08T10:40:58Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14420
Enzymes are the most efficient catalysts found in nature. However, natural enzymes are not sufficiently efficient to perform chemical reactions that are important for the pharmaceutical and fine chemistry industries. Therefore, there is a need to understand how they are able to perform its function in order to improve their performance.
Enzymes are biodegradable, efficient, selective, and sustainable biomolecules that can become an alternative to other kinds of catalysts from the environmental point of view. In this project, the epoxide hydrolase (EH) enzyme that is able to selectively hydrolyze racemic mixtures of epoxides will be studied in detail. Using conventional methods it is difficult to observe the ring opening of the epoxide starting from racemic mixtures. A number of pharmaceutical compounds, such as alprenolol and propanolol beta-blockers, require the use of epoxide as precursors. The use of EHs in industry is promising because they allow obtaining the final product with high purity.
Here, the EH from Bacillus megaterium is studied because this particular EH shows a moderate enantioselectivity towards voluminous aromatic epoxides. However, this particular enzyme presents product inhibition which limits its application. To this end, the aim of this study is to understand the conformational changes that control the efficiency of the enzyme by means of molecular dynamics simulations in three different states: apo, in the presence of substrate (using both enantiomers) and in the presence of product. Molecular dynamics simulations show that all substrates are able to access the active site of the enzyme and to adopt the proper orientation for the reaction. On the other side, all products explore the active site region with less frequency; however, when they arrive at the active site they stay there to inhibit the enzyme. Finally, the formation of a tunnel that connects the substrate entrance region with the product release region has been identified in the simulations
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Enzims
Epòxids
Hidrolases
Dinàmica molecular
Enzymes
Epoxy compounds
Hydrolases
Molecular dynamics
Estudi computacional de la selectivitat d’un enzim hidrolasa d’epòxids
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14420/1/Casadevall_Guillem.pdf
File
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Casadevall_Guillem.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144212018-11-06T14:41:00Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Cortés i Andrés, Adrià
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T13:07:03Z
2017-10-08T13:07:03Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14421
Cancer is one of the most important health problems in the world, affecting a large part of the population. Although there are different treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, the cancer currently has no cure, in the strict sense of the word. The numbers of those affected continue to increase, and the future forecasts are not very comforting.
Cancer occurs due to alterations in the genes involved in cell growth, survival and propagation, resulting in a set of common characteristics. These characteristics are known as the hallmarks of cancer, and allow to organize and rationalize this complex disease.
ErbB (erythroblastic) receptors play a very important role, they’re essential mediators of cell proliferation and differentiation in the development of the embryo and adult tissues, and their inappropriate activation is associated with the development and severity of the cancer. Members of this tyrosine kinase receptor family are: EGFR (ErbB1 or HER1), HER2 (Neu or ErbB2), HER3 (ErbB3) and HER4 (ErbB4). EGFR and HER2 are associated with cancer, since its alteration is found in most cancers. Recently, it has been seen that HER3 receptor also has an important role, in addition, it can act as a new target to treat this disease.
Each of these receptors have several ligands with which they bind to be activated, with the exception of HER2 that isn’t known any ligand. Once activated, the receptors dimerize: homodimerization (among them) or heterodimerization (between family members). The heterodimers formed by HER2 and HER3 form the most robust signalling complexes of the ErbB family.
One of the characteristics of HER3 is its unique and powerful ability to activate the downstream signalling path PI3K and Akt. It’s key to the control of many biological processes critical for tumorigenesis. In addition, HER3 is also associated with cancer resistance, which is the main problem of current therapies.
With these evidences emphasizing the importance of HRE3 signalling in human cancers and their resistance, today there are more than 40 different therapeutic agents that are being tested targeting HER3, in addition to combinatorial therapies that act against different combinations of receptors
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Factor de creixement epidèrmic -- Receptors
Càncer -- Tractament
Cèl·lules canceroses
Epidermal growth factor -- Receptors
Cancer --Treatment
Cancer cells
Paper jugat pel receptor ErbB-3 (HER-3) en el desenvolupament i tractament del càncer
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14421/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
7c3ae09cea4a035225700fddc6d1beab
2776618
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TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144222018-11-06T14:41:47Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Lluansí Salis, Aleix
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T13:10:45Z
2017-10-08T13:10:45Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14422
The CRISPR/Cas9 technique is a gene-editing system recently discovered that can target and modify DNA with great accuracy.This system is based on an endonuclease Cas9 and RNA guides (sgRNAs) which brings the protein to the DNA target location so it cuts the two strands of DNA. The cell will repair this cut introducing specific mutations in the genome.
In this project we want to study the efficiency of different RNA guides to edit two genes that may be related to the Sudden Cardiac Death, ZNF394 and SCN10A, in HEK293T cells (kidney cells) genome by CRISPR/Cas9 technique. These guides were previously designed in the Cardiovascular Genetics Centre.
It is considered Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) that natural dead for cardiac causes which occurs quickly and unexpectedly in apparently healthy individuals. It happens during the first hour from the beginning of the symptoms. It is believed that genetic variants of ZNF394 and SNC10A may play some role in the SCD.
The main purpose of this work is to discover which sgRNAs combinations will allow a major efficiency in editing by CRISPR/Cas9, before performing in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Thus, we cloned the RNA guides into expression vectors, px441 and px462, which express the Cas9 nuclease gene, and we transfected different combinations of them in HEK293T cells, that are an immortalized cellular line easy to transfect and manipulate. Transfection images were obtained and then analyzed. The transfected cells were selected and isolated to extract their DNA that was further sequenced.
Analyzing the edition efficiency of each combination we noted that SNC10A gene variant has been introduced in homozygosisin HEK293T cells with some of the sgRNA combinations through CRISPR/Cas9. The best combination found in this study is SCN10A 3 + SCN10A 5 + ssODN sense.
It remains the sequencing of ZNF394 gene and it would be necessary to optimize the sequencing of some clones to complete the results
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Mort sobtada -- Aspectes genètics
Genòmica
Genomics
Sudden death -- Genetic aspects
Edició del genoma de la línia cel·lular HEK293T per gens associats a la Mort Sobtada mitjançant CRISPR/Cas9
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14422/1/TFG.pdf
File
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TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144232018-11-06T14:42:21Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Molina Gallegos, Aida
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T13:16:44Z
2017-10-08T13:16:44Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14423
The number of studies related to genetically modified crops and assessment of potential unintended effects/unexpected produced by transgene insertion, has increased during the last years.
This study is part of a project entitled G-TwYST that aims to evaluate the food safety of GM plants. The study examines the use of techniques “-omics”, specifically proteomics, to evaluate the differences between the maize proteomes of herbicide glyphosate resistant varieties (NK603) and their corresponding conventional varieties. Bioinformatics and statistical analysis of proteomes obtained from maize grain samples from different companies (Prairie Brand varieties 882 and Pioneer varieties 8906) was carried to compare protein profiles between conventional maize and their respective transgenic varieties. Two-dimensional gels obtained using 2D-PAGE electrophoresis (previously obtained by the research group) were the starting point for the image analysis.
Comparing the images of 2D-gels by bioinformatics proteins analysis, 1139 proteins were detected and quantified. The comprehensive comparison of spots has determined that there are not important differences at protein level between modified and conventional varieties. In contrast, 26 differential proteins were detected between the conventional varieties obtained from different companies and therefore with different genetic background. In addition, the principal component analysis confirms that the highest percentage of variability is associated specifically to natural variation between different conventional species of maize and does not belong to insertion and/or expression of transgene.
To summarize, the results of the study have shown that there is an influence caused by the environment and natural variety and that GM NK603 maize has not caused unintended effects on the PMG’s proteome
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Proteòmica
Blat de moro -- Genètica
Plantes transgèniques
Proteomics
Corn -- Genetics
Transgenic plants
Estudi de les diferències entre blat de moro modificat genèticament i convencional mitjançant proteòmica
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14423/1/MolinaGallegos.Aida.pdf
File
MD5
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MolinaGallegos.Aida.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144242018-11-06T14:42:47Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Sánchez Pascua, Carolina
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-10-08T13:19:57Z
2017-10-08T13:19:57Z
2017-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14424
The studies done about the metabolic rewiring of the tumor cells conclude that these changes have two main objectives: to improve tumor cell survival and to aloe their growing in an acid and hypoxic medium with a low amount of nutrients. To this end, they have designed different processes that allow them to obtain energy quickly, to perform numerous biosynthetic reactions and to eliminate the elements that would induce their death. Tumor cells use the Warburg effect and their capacity to obtain nutrients from non-conventional sources. To obtain biosynthetic precursors, tumor cells use their high ability to capture glucose and glutamine. To survive in an adverse environment, they inhibit apoptotic pathways, inactivate antitumor factors that control cell growth and avoid the immune system. The investigations carried out also have concluded that the metabolic changes are associated with the activation of oncogenes and the inhibition of tumor suppressors, thus gene changes us closely related to the metabolic rewiring. This specific metabolic alteration of tumor cells allows scientists to think of it as a source of potential therapeutic targets. There are many antitumor drugs against metabolic targets that, used as stand-alone
compounds or together with other chemotherapeutics, are analyzed as possible antitumor drugs able to stop tumor growth or even its eradication. The current studies are focused mainly on the bioenergetic pathways and anabolic pathways of the tumor cells, choosing as targets the enzymes, products or intermediates of the glycolysis, the TCA cycle or the pentose phosphate pathway. Unfortunately, tumors are extremely heterogeneous and have a high plasticity due to their different origin, thus the discover of new antitumor drug against metabolic targets is not a simple task. Most of the studies are in early clinical phases and some of them even been interrupted due to the appearance of severe harmful side effects - mainly toxicity-. However, there are many positive results that allow to think that struggle against the tumor metabolism is and will be a promising fight against the cancer
spa
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Metabolisme cel·lular
Cèl·lules canceroses
Cell metabolism
Cancer cells
Reprogramación metabólica de células tumorales y terapias dirigidas contra el fenotipo metabólico de estas células
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14424/1/TFG.pdf
File
MD5
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2664956
application/pdf
TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/144252019-12-19T11:17:52Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolectaoai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/146622017-11-30T08:20:41Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Cuervas Oliveras, Irene
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-11-30T08:20:41Z
2017-11-30T08:20:41Z
2017-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14662
Mainstream autotrophic Anammox nitrogen removal from wastewaters combined with a partial nitritation process (PN-A) is a system that presents several advantages. Despite its efficiency has been studied mainly for currents with high ammonium concentration and high temperatures, nowadays it is also being studied for urban wastewaters treatment, which are at environmental temperature and have low ammonium concentration.
In this study PN-A process is analysed in one-stage piston flow reactor treating synthetic water at environmental temperature and with a NH4+ influent concentration of 75 mg-N/L. In order to enable Anammox to oxidize nitrogen anaerobically it needs nitrite as electron acceptor, which is formed during partial nitritation by aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Both sequential reactions are carried in biomass granules that have an aerobic environment in the external part and anaerobic in the internal. For this reason, aeration is not homogeneous all along the reactor, hence different zones with or without oxygen are differentiated to enchance one process or another.
A tracking of the process is done analysing important parameters for the development of the system, which are pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen and inorganic carbon concentration, alkalinity, conductivity and salinity. In addition, nitrogen species concentrations in the influent and the effluent are analysed to describe nitrogen loading rate (NLR), nitrogen removal rate (NRR) and NO3-produced/NH4-removed ratio, in order to study PN-A process efficiency.
With regard to the process efficiency throughout the study, positive results has not been achieved due to nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB). NOB presence is confirmed by the biomass activity tests depending on its diameter. Granules with <500 μm diameter are more abundant and present AOB and NOB activity, whereas Anammox activity is not detected since they are inhibited by oxygen that reach all the granule due to oxygen diffusion. However, in granules with >500 μm diameter AOB and Anammox activity is detected because oxygen diffusion only reaches to a maximum of 200 μm
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament biològic
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Desnitrificació
Sewage -- Purification -- Nitrogen removal
Sewage - -Purification -- Biological treatment
Eliminació autotròfica en línia principal (Anmmox mainstream)
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14662/1/CuervasOliveras.Irene.pdf
File
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CuervasOliveras.Irene.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/146632017-11-30T08:24:21Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Domènech García, Heura
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-11-30T08:24:21Z
2017-11-30T08:24:21Z
2017-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14663
Biomarkers of cancer have become the central stage for many scientists since last years. Because of
the rapid emerging technologies, scientists can now understand these biological markers and apply
them for the early detection of cancer. Thus, providing potential noninvasive, sensitive and reliable
assays that, in fact, could reduce cost in health care and increase quality of life. A broadly used serum
marker is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is referred as the gold standard tumor marker
for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa). The PSA test consists in the monitoring of PSA levels in
sera and an increase of its levels may indicate that an individual can have PCa. However, serum PSA
levels are also high in other diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Moreover, PSA
assay cannot distinguish between non-aggressive and aggressive tumors. Many scientists, however,
have started to focus on studying some biochemical characteristics of PSA, especially the
glycosylation pattern of PSA which has shown to be altered in cancer. The recent fields of Glycomics
and Glycoproteomics, which encompass glycan or glycoprotein enrichment and proteomics
technologies, are developing more sensitive and high-throughput techniques for an in-depth and
quantitative identification of specific glycosylation abnormalities in a complex biological sample.
This work focuses on a broad literature review about several glycoproteomic and glycomic
methodologies applied for improving the specificity of PSA as well as on searching through
databases and using some bioinformatic tools, which are a key element for the analysis and
characterization of PSA. Moreover, three approaches - ELLA, CE-ESI-MS and MALDI-TOF-MS -
have been explained in-detail and discussed. Particularly, a comparison has been stablished between
several methods and strategies by mentioning the different advantages and limitations that these
approaches present. This paper shows that through the application of the distinct approaches, a
tremendous amount of data about the heterogenous glycan composition of PSA was revealed and
significant alterations in the glycosylation pattern were reported, when comparing samples of PSA
driven from healthy or BPH individuals with PCa patients. Hence, suggesting that the glycosylation
pattern of PSA might be more reliable and sensitive for PCa diagnosis than PSA test. Nonetheless,
more efforts are required to consider PSA glycosylation as the new golden standard
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Marcadors tumorals
Pròstata -- Càncer -- Diagnòstic
Tumor markers
Prostate -- Cancer -- Diagnosis
Glycomic and glycoproteomic approaches :|bpotential tools for the improvement of the gold standard biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14663/1/DomenechGarcia.Heura.pdf
File
MD5
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/146642017-11-30T08:27:47Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Masó Orriols, Sergi
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-11-30T08:27:47Z
2017-11-30T08:27:47Z
2017-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14664
Nowadays, a lot of people is wondering if electromagnetic fields can have a negative
effect on the health of living beings. This approach is given by Löwdin's theory, which postulates
that one of the main reasons for the appearance of mutations is the change in the tautomeric
forms of the nitrogenous bases that encode the DNA.
In this study, we investigate the effects of electric fields on hydrogen bonds. To carry it
out, it has been used the UdG’s cluster that has Gaussian09 installed. This program performs
calculations and approximations of what happens to hydrogen bonds when electric fields are
applied. Chemcraft has also been used, which allows you to modify the coordinates and measure
distances, among others.
First of all, it has been observed that when applying a medium intensity electric field, 30
(x10-4) ua, to the formamide-formamide dimer, the only effect that they cause on these bonds is
the shortening or elongation of the Hydrogen bond. This distance varies depending on the angle
of application of the electric field. On the other hand, the highest intensity electric fields, in this
case 80 (x10-4) ua, cause a double transfer of protons, appearing tautomeric forms of the
mentioned complex.
Once observed the effects caused by these electric fields on the FAFA dimer, it has been
studied the effect in the pairs of nitrogen bases; Adenine-thymine and guanine-cytosine. In these
two cases, tautomeric forms have not been found spontaneously, but have been observed that
they help to shift the tautomeric balance slightly. So in the adenine-thymine, as in the guaninecytosine,
the tautomeric forms are found more easily, when electric fields are oriented parallel to
the hydrogen bonds. The only difference is that in the case of adenine-thymine, the best angle is
that of 0º, and that of guanine-cytosine is 180º.
After having made these observations, it has been concluded that the electric fields of
medium and high intensity may be a cause for the appearance of mutations. However, the
electromagnetic fields that surround us daily, are not powerful enough to be dangerous for the
living beings health
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Electromagnetisme -- Efectes fisiològics
Enllaços d’hidrogen
ADN -- Dany
Electromagnetism -- Physiological effect
DNA damage
Hydrogen bonding
Influència de camps elèctrics sobre complexes amb enllaços d’hidrogen: una font de mutacions en el DNA
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14664/1/Mas%C3%B3Orriols.Sergi.pdf
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MasóOrriols.Sergi.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/146652017-11-30T08:32:22Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Monrós Garrigosa, Georgina
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-11-30T08:32:22Z
2017-11-30T08:32:22Z
2017-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14665
Earth’s resources are getting exhausted, and thus, some alternatives are being contemplated to raw materials traditionally used; one of these alternatives are cellulose nanofibers. One of the pretreatments applied to cellulose fibers consists in enzymatic hydrolysis. This study expects to accomplish the optimization of an enzymatic cocktail with the aim of making the process more efficient, emphasizing the fact that it goes in tune with green chemistry.
The established objectives consist on determine the unknown components, obtaining them separately, and assay different combinations in order to optimize the enzymatic cocktail avoiding antagonisms and promoting synergisms.
In the present study, the laboratory has been able to know the two main enzymes of the cocktail, and nanofibers have been obtained applying different combinations and enzymatic proportions. Then, nanofibers have been characterized in terms of: nanofibrillation yield, transmittance, carboxyl content, cationic demand, specific surface and diameter. Moreover, it has been tried to produce hydrogels with nanofibers obtained applying the commercial treatment, since these nanofibers have shown greatest characteristics.
Therefore, the principal objective consisting on optimizing the enzymatic cocktail has not been accomplished.
Despite nanofibers obtained applying the commercial cocktail have been the ones that have stand out when it comes to characterization, they still are away from the values achieved when a TEMPO-mediated oxidation treatment is applied. Based on this fact, some hypotheses have arisen, these include the fact that maybe there is another key enzyme, or the possibility that the enzymatic proportions facilitated by the commercial company were distorted.
These unsatisfactory values have been reflected when producing hydrogels, since they rapidly disintegrated when were submerged in water. The explanation consequently generated, resides in the fact that enzymatic nanofibers present low carboxyl content, and thus, the crosslinking reaction with citric acid, that allows obtaining hydrogels, is not favored.
Therefore, it is seen that there is still a long way to go when it comes to enzymatic studies for nanofiber’s obtaining and its applications. In this work, some possible lines for future studies are traced
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Fibres de cel·lulosa
Nanocompostos (Materials)
Nanofibres
Hidròlisi
Nanocomposites (Materials)
Cellulose fibers
Nanofibers
Hydrolysis
Optimization of an enzymatic cocktail for obtaining cellulose nanofibers
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14665/1/Monr%C3%B3sGarrigosa.Georgina.pdf
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MD5
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MonrósGarrigosa.Georgina.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/146662017-11-30T08:36:03Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Pujol Ayach, Miquel
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2017-11-30T08:36:03Z
2017-11-30T08:36:03Z
2017-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/14666
For centuries, mankind has faced water-related issues for it is a limited good of vital importance for
human development. Climate change, pollution and world water scarcity now have given more
awareness to these problems. However, it is in human societies nature to consume water and return
it to the environment in a form that is no longer profitable for human use. Ages of developing
techniques and systems for water distribution has led to nowadays being able to obtain water from
our own wastewater. Osmotic membrane bioreactor (OMBR) processes are a very important step in
water tertiary treatment and furthermore, forward osmosis OMBR (FO-OMBR), which is at the
vanguard of research and innovation. FO-OMBR uses the water gradient that the difference of osmotic
pressure creates to separate physiochemically water from wastewater. In this project, first steps at
laboratory-scale experiments are carried out to characterize osmotic membranes for further use at
pilot-scale. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) has been widely used, and new materials such as thin-film
composite (TFC) polyamide membranes have been produced. Therefore, new work is needed to
compare their behavior at different concentration of the osmotic agent while also comparing
performances at water recovery, lifespan of membrane and costs. In this work, sodium chloride is
used as the osmotic agent. Also, the system configuration is considered as a limiting variable at
operating, so different experiments were carried in both suction and pulsion modes. Impact of the
pump is contemplated too so different pump speed experiments were held. In this study, it was also
considered challenges such as salt loss from the draw solution (DS), so RSD value is reckoned.
However, membrane fouling was not contemplated in this study; further work needs to be done. Once
the results were obtained, it was regarded that when operated with TFC membrane better
performance of the OMBR is done, as RSD values were lower and permeate volumes higher. Even
though no essential differences where seen between suction and pulsion configurations, it was pulsion
that showed better performance values
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Spain
Aigües residuals -- Plantes de tractament
Aigües residuals -- Depuració
Reactors de membrana
Sewage -- Purification
Sewage disposal plants
Membrane reactors
Comparison of CTA and TFC FO-membranes for water recovery
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/14666/1/PujolAyach_Miquel.pdf
File
MD5
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PujolAyach_Miquel.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/163972019-03-26T15:30:00Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Arrahaoui Douiri, Samira
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-26T15:30:00Z
2019-03-26T15:30:00Z
2018-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16397
Antibiotic resistance is a global health concern due to the increase in the number of multidrug resistant pathogens and the few available therapeutic alternatives to combat them. Non-antibiotic therapies are receiving attention as a viable alternative to treat infections caused by resistant pathogens. One of them is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages to target specific bacterial pathogens, the so-called “phage therapy”. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria and, according to recent studies, they are the most abundant biological entities in our planet. Phages have a major role in ecosystems and contribute to the evolution of their hosts. The first studies on phage therapy dated back from the early nineteenth century, but in the last decades these studies notably increased. Phage therapy has recently been re-discovered after being forgotten in the last fifty years due to the success of antibiotics in human medicine. Before the introduction of these drugs, in 1943, phages had already been used to treat infections caused by bacterial pathogens in the former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The results of these studies were published in non-English journals (Russia and Poland) and, therefore, they were not widely distributed in the scientific community. However, the current rise on the occurrence of multiresistant pathogens, especially strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, has reignited the interest on phage therapy. Recent promising results have led the scientific community to face the future with optimism if phage therapy will be finally applied at larger scales. These benefits have been achieved on the basis of a better knowledge on phage biology, new and optimized technologies to purify phages and their innocuousness to both animals and humans
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Bacteriòfags
Microorganismes -- Resistència als medicaments
Antibiòtics
Bacteriophages
Drug resistance in microorganisms
Antibiotics
Teràpia fàgica com alternativa als antibiòtics: passat, present i futur
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16397/1/Arrahaoui+Douiri.Samira.pdf
File
MD5
8b618b2cee4484d83013348773fc5d94
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Arrahaoui Douiri.Samira.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/163982019-09-23T06:41:07Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Cobelo Gómez, Silvia
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-26T15:40:46Z
2019-03-26T15:40:46Z
2018-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16398
The obtaining of representative genes of the sex determination in fish remains nowadays a little-known aspect, to a large extent by the various chromosomal systems within a same genus and even species. Gambusia holbrooki is a fish of the poeciliids’ family, ecologically interesting as one of the most invasive species in the word. The present work intends to find a molecular marker to distinguish the sex of Gambusia holbrooki, and in order to provide new knowledge on the sex determination in fish. To this end, the RAD-seq (restriction site-associated DNA sequencing) technique was used to identify thousands of genetic markers (RAD-tags) with variations in single nucleotides (SNPs) between males and females. From 44271 RAD-tags available in the STACKS database, the search for loci exclusive of a sex and loci with a differential pattern of SNPs was carried out among males and females of Gambusia holbrooki. For the detection of these differentiating RAD-tag loci, various bioinformatic programs based on the FST statistic were used, as well as a subsequent functional analysis of the possible candidate genes. Both searches concluded that none of the RAD-tags loci of the study was specific to differentiate between males and females of the species Gambusia holbrooki
spa
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Sexe -- Determinació genética
Gambusia holbrooki
Marcadors genètics
Sex determination, Genetic
Eastern mosquitofish
Genetic markers
Detección de marcadores ligados al sexo en Gambusia a partir de A RAD-seq
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16398/1/CobeloG%C3%B3mez.Silvia.pdf
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CobeloGómez.Silvia.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/163992019-03-26T15:45:27Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Gómez Calvo, Lorena
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-26T15:45:27Z
2019-03-26T15:45:27Z
2018-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16399
One of the biggest challenges of the upcoming decades is to find renewable energy sources that can replace the extreme dependence on fossil fuels. So far, most energy sources are born of some kind of treatment or conversion of fossil fuels, which continues to contribute to environmental pollution. For this reason, in recent years has increased interest on hydrogen (H2) as power source.
Hydrogen is the most abundant element of the universe, due to the 90% of the matter is constituted by it. Even though, hydrogen does not exist isolated in nature by itself and it has to be generated. These processes require a high energy investment, for this reason the industry has gradually started to bet on the bioproduction of hydrogen as energy source.
There are different ways of producing hydrogen by using microorganisms, but the most effective one is photofermentation mediated by photosynthetic non-sulfur bacteria. These bacteria grow in anaerobic conditions and under exposure to light, and can use different substrates as a source of carbon and nitrogen. In addition, they present a flexible and varied metabolism, emphasizing the participation of the enzyme nitrogenase during the anaerobic production of hydrogen.
In the present study hydrogen production mediated by three proteobacteria strains has been verified (Rhodobacter sp, Rhodopseudomonas sp. and Rhodopseudomonas pseudopalustris) using two different analytical methods, gas chromatography and monitoring the production with a hydrogen sensor. Using the first approx., the effects of nitrogen in the nitrogenase activity and hydrogen production has been studied. The obtained results demonstrated that under a nitrogen saturated atmosphere, direct hydrogen synthesis was inhibited. While, in absence of nitrogen hydrogen production is observed by these bacteria.
On the other hand, with the use of hydrogen sensor, we demonstrated that nitrogen’s effect inhibits the nitrogenase activity and that these bacteria have the ability to produce hydrogen with light and without it. The different hydrogen concentrations achieved by each bacterium indicate that each strain needs specific production conditions to accomplish an efficient performance
spa
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Hidrogen com a combustible
Energies renovables
Cromatografia de gasos
Bacteris fotosintetitzadors
Hydrogen as fuel
Renewable energy sources
Gas chromatography
Photosynthetic bacteria
Ensayos de producción de hidrogeno con proteobacterias
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16399/1/GomezCalvo.Lorena.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/164002019-03-26T15:49:23Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Obiols Hurtado, Mireia
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-26T15:49:23Z
2019-03-26T15:49:23Z
2018-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16400
Tumour cells are characterized by deregulated apoptotic signalling, which causes uncontrolled proliferation and allows malignant cells to survive and be resistant to therapy. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, activate the induction of apoptosis, but there are tumour cells that evade this mechanism of death and, therefore, are resistant to treatment. In last years, the use of proteins that selectively kill cancer cells without causing toxic side effects to healthy tissues are being developed, thus increasing the hope of being able to improve in a near future new therapies against different types of cancer mainly those that are resistant to conventional therapies. These proteins interact with cell signalling pathways, redirecting the altered processes of survival and causing the death of transformed cells by mechanisms such as apoptosis, autophagy or mitotic catastrophe.
The proteins that specifically kill tumour cells leaving unharmed the normal cells, can have two different origins, viral or cellular. There are viruses that code for proteins that can kill infected tumour cells by multiple mechanisms, taking the advantages that these cells are more vulnerable to virus infection and explaining their selective process. Among the viral proteins we find the chicken anemia virus-derived protein apoptin, adenovirus-derived protein E4orf4 and the parvovirus H1 NS1 protein. Regarding cellular proteins, it has been identified that the melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7), the tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and the human α-lactalbumin made lethal to tumour cells (HAMLET) present in human milk, also present therapeutic potential against cancer. The studies that at present are being carried out are aimed at knowing the specific signals of cell death that induce each one of these proteins as well as their mechanisms of action, which at present are not well known. Some of them, such MDA-7, TRAIL and HAMLET, are currently in phases I and II of clinical trials and show promising results
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Cèl·lules canceroses
Apoptosi
Proteïnes virals
Medicaments antineoplàstics
Cancer cells
Apoptosis
Viral proteins
Antineoplastic agents
Proteïnes que de forma natural maten selectivament cèl·lules tumorals
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16400/1/ObiolsHurtado.Mireia.pdf
File
MD5
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/164052019-03-27T07:49:34Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Azidane Chenlo, Sara
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-27T07:49:34Z
2019-03-27T07:49:34Z
2018-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16405
The current need to improve the conditions for studying the production of biotechnological products highlights the need to create kinetic trends simulators in upstream processes. For this reason, in this project, the programming of a Shiny web app using R language is carried out, which allows numerical calculation and graphing of the design equations of the different types of reactors.
R is an object-oriented statistical programming language, which allows the installation of pre-built libraries that facilitate script writing. These libraries have a wide potential for action and application, and in the development of this project, dSolve libraries were used to solve systems of differential equations, ggplot2 to plot the results, and the package Shiny, which allows generating the joint file interface and server, which together compute the web app.
The type of biorreactor studied includes: batch, feed-batch and chemostate. The first one has no external output or flow rate input, so the reactor volume remains constant. Feed-Batch, as the name implies, refers to a batch reactor that only has an inlet but no output flow. Chemostate, on the other hand, has both outlet and inlet flow, which is why it is also called a continuous reactor (without biomass retention). Calculations are made taking into account the reaction rate equation and the mass balances of each reactor (OUTPUT + ACCUMULATION = INPUT + GENERATION). In addition, other factors such as the association of product formation with metabolism, calculations of the specific reaction speed or enzyme inactivation must be taken into account when defining the model. In this way, the batch and feedbatch reactor types present model equations in which the results of product, biomass and substrate are calculated using systems of simple differential equations as a function of time, while the chemostate establishes the result of these variables as a function of the dilution rate from systems of non-linear equations. One of the main objectives in the development of the project has been to maintain the premise of simplicity and clarity of the interface, thus making accessible to the user a global vision of how the different parameters affect with the whole process
spa
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Bioreactors
R (Llenguatge de programació)
R (Computer program language)
Development of a simulation app of kinetic tendencies
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16405/1/AzidaneChenlo.Sara.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/164062019-03-27T08:06:52Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Batlle Pérez, Mar
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-27T08:06:51Z
2019-03-27T08:06:51Z
2018-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16406
The cattle industry is constantly evolving due to an increasing demand for livestock products. The
need to breed more cattle and the increase of the temperatures due to climate change have
motivated different studies with the aim to link heat stress and bovine reproduction problems. This
is the case of the ongoing project in Ghent University entitled “Effects of sperm stressors on sperm
methylation and subsequent embryo development in cattle”. My role in this project was: (I) to test
and optimize primers for embryo transcript expression analysis and (II) to design, test and optimize
primers for bisulfite treated embryos.
In order to achieve the first objective, RNA extracted from frozen tissue was reverse transcribed,
and the resulting cDNA was used as a template in RT-qPCRs to assess the specificity and the
efficiency of the studied primers. The second objective was achieved by first, testing and
optimizing the oxidative bisulfite sequencing protocol on frozen tissue and then on embryos.
Afterwards, specific primers were designed and optimized in frozen tissue and then tested on in
vitro produced embryos.
The specificity of the primer pairs was tested by performing melt curves during the RT-qPCR
program and then, characterizing the resulting amplicons. All the studied primers showed a single
distinct peak, indicating high specificity. These peaks were characterized by assessing the
uniqueness and length of the amplicons via agarose gel and then, sequencing. PCR efficiency was
analyzed and all the assays obtained valid efficiency values backed up by optimal R2 values. On
the other hand, the bisulfite conversion protocol showed trustworthy results both on testicle tissue
and on embryos. However, the oxidative step results were not satisfactory. The designed primers
for the original and the bisulfite treated DNMT1 gene showed solid results after analyzing them
via PCR amplification, agarose gel electrophoresis and Sanger sequencing, therefore, the bisulfite
sequencing protocol was verified.
In conclusion, different sets of primers were successfully optimized for gene transcript analysis.
The bisulfite conversion protocol was optimized, and the DNTM1 based primers for original and
bisulfite treated DNA showed satisfactory results
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Transcripció genètica
Expressió gènica
ADN -- Metilació
Epigenètica
Bestiar boví -- Reproducció
Genetic transcription
Gene expression
DNA -- Methylation
Epigenetics
Cattle -- Reproduction
Design and optimization of primers for gene transcript and methylation analysis on bovine embryos
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16406/1/batlleperez.mar.pdf
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MD5
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batlleperez.mar.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/164072019-03-27T08:21:53Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Benito Pellicer, Mireia
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-27T08:21:53Z
2019-03-27T08:21:53Z
2018-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16407
Cancer is a heterogeneous group of diseases that occur for the appearance of an uncontrolled proliferation of
abnormal cells with the ability to invade other tissues in a process called metastasis. Metastasis occurs when
genetically unstable cancer cells adapt to a tissue microenvironment that is distant from the primary tumor in
a selection process. Currently, cancer causes high mortality worldwide and it has become an issue of concern
for the scientific community.
Current therapies, in most cases, have not presented the expected selectivity nor efficacy, so the research of
anti-tumor drugs is based on new strategies. One of these strategies is the use of antitumor viral proteins,
such as Apoptin, which is an intrinsically disordered protein from chicken anaemia virus (CAV) that has the
ability to cause the death of tumor cells leaving the non-tumorous cells undamaged.
This work is a contribution to the project initiated some years ago by the group of Protein Engineering of the
Department of Biology of the University of Girona whose objective is the study of the mechanism that uses
this protein to affect specifically the tumor cells. In particular, the role of the interaction of other proteins such
as the cyclophilin Ppil3.
Different variants of Apoptin (H6-ProLeuApoptina) have been created, produced and purified. In each variant,
every residue of proline has been substituted by alanine to eliminate possible interaction targets for the
protein Ppil3. The detected changes in this interaction could determine the key aminoacids that confers to
Apoptin its cytotoxic effect. The introduction of these mutations has changed the behaviour of recombinant
proteins during their purification and the initial protocol has been modified in order to obtain enough
quantities to use them in further experiments. The main modification has been the use of the refolding by
dialysis method which has demonstrated a significantly increasing of protein yield. Finally, when the different
proteins have been successfully obtained, the interaction between the different variants of H6-
ProLeuApoptina and Ppil3 was tried to be analysed by pull-down experiments
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Apoptina
Citotoxicitat per mediació cel·lular
Medicaments antineoplàstics
Enginyeria de proteïnes
Càncer
Proteïnes supressores de tumors
Cancer
Tumor suppressor proteins
Anticancer drugs
Protein engineering
Cell-mediated cytotoxicity
Creacio, produccio i purificacio de noves variants de prolina de l’H6-ΔProΔLeuApoptina
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16407/1/Benito+Pellicer%2C+Mireia+-+TFG.pdf
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Benito Pellicer, Mireia - TFG.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/164082019-03-27T08:33:09Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Caballero Moya, Anna
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-27T08:33:09Z
2019-03-27T08:33:09Z
2018-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16408
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a common microorganism of the human intestinal microbiota. A new pathotype called AIEC (Adherent Invasive Escherichia coli) associated with Crohn's disease (CD) has been described. It has the ability to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells, as well as to survive and replicate inside macrophages. Most studies have been done using a murine cell line (J774), but recent studies demonstrate its ability to replicate in human cell lines such as THP1. No study comparing the bacterial replication in the two types of cell lines with a broad set of AIEC strains exist. Additionally, there is no sufficient knowledge of the survival and replication abilities in macrophages of non-adherent (non-AIEC) strains that inhabit in the intestine. For these reasons, we wanted to study and compare the survival and replication of E. coli strains, including AIEC and non-AIEC, in human and murine macrophages.
A total of 50 strains, 21 AIEC and 29 non-AIEC (isolated from patients with CD and controls, the same from which the AIEC strains have been isolated) have been tested. An AIEC reference LF82 and commensal laboratory strain K12 (non-AIEC) have been used as control strains. The murine macrophages J774 and the human monocyte THP1 cell lines have been tested. The survival and replication index (I_REPL) is measured based on the bacterial infection of these cell cultures using gentamicin to eliminate the extracellular bacteria. It is calculated as the percentage of intracellular bacteria after 24h of the infection with respect to the internalized ones (1h post-infection). To analyze the replication capacity in J774 and THP1 according to the pathotype, a t-test has been performed. To compare frequency data, Pearson's χ2 has been used, and the possible relationship between cell lines has been determined by Pearson or Spearman correlation study.
In this study, it has been possible to verify that AIEC strains presented high replication capacity in J774 macrophages (with an average of I_REPL = 1146%), but it replicated less in THP1 (mean of I_REPL = 89%). In contrast, non-AIEC strains did not show large differences in replication between both cell lines (mean of I_REPL = 116% in THP1 and mean of I_REPL = 281% in J774). Finally, it has been possible to establish a possible categorization threshold (I_REPL = 500%) that allows the classification of E. coli strains according to pathotype.
In conclusion, THP1 is not a good option for conducting these studies with E. coli and, therefore, the difference between cell lines determines that the ability of survival and replication of these bacteria is not independent of the host but depends on the infected cell
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Escheríchia coli
Crohn, Malaltia de
Macròfags
Intestins -- Microbiologia
Bacteris patògens
Escherichia coli
Crohn's disease
Macrophages
Intestines -- Microbiology
Pathogenic bacteria
Supervivència i replicació intracel·lular de soques AIEC i no-AIEC en dues línies cel·lulars de macròfags
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16408/1/caballeromoya.anna.pdf
File
MD5
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caballeromoya.anna.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/164102019-03-27T08:56:30Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Delmenico Castellà, Elisenda
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-27T08:56:30Z
2019-03-27T08:56:30Z
2018-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16410
The bullet tuna (Auxis rochei) is a fish species that can be found in seas and oceans all around the globe. It has a high commercial value, and it is exploited by the human for its meat properties. Therefore, it has a high overfishing risk, a factor that can influence the A. rochei population size, that can make the population reduce its capacity of adaptation. To avoid this, it is necessary to do a regular series of genetics of populations studies to obtain the key information of the exploited population by the fishery and therefore, be able to develop a sustainable management plan for such a biological resource. In this study, a collection of samples analyzed corresponded to individuals of the locality of La Azohía (Cartagena), fished in 2014. The given results were compared with the results corresponding to a collection of samples of individuals from the same locality, fished in 2015. The latter collection of samples was previously analyzed by the Laboratori d’Ictiologia Genètica from the Universitat de Girona. This analysis pursuit to know of A. rochei presented temporal stability and therefore, if its population had suffered perturbations or not, and consequently, give the pertinent explanations. Both the analysis made, using the Fisher’s test for comparisons of allele frequencies (P < 0.001) and the fixation index (FST = 0.024) showed genetic differentiation, but the similarity in relation of the quantity of genetic diversity was observed (Hs, 2014 = 0.876; Hs, 2015 = 0.897). These results suggest that there was no genetic variability loss, ergo at least for this two years, the fishery did not influence in this parameter. However, it was found genic differentiation between the two sample collections, fact that might tell that the individuals of each collection have a different origin. The final conclusions are that most probably, the cause of the genic differentiation is not the fishing, as there was no change in the genetic variability, but it is that the different sample collections come from different cohorts or different population actually, mostly because La Azohía (Cartagena) is a migratory pass for A. rochei
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Auxis rochei
Melva -- Genètica
Genètica de poblacions
Satèl·lits (Genètica)
Bullet tuna -- Genetics
Population genetics
Microsatellites (Genetics)
Genotipatge d’una població de melva (Auxis rochei): estudi de l’estabilitat
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16410/1/Delmenico+Castella.pdf
File
MD5
e1151cf7d7fdf94fa43e638fecf2c564
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Delmenico Castella.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/164112019-03-27T09:02:50Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Gámez García-Cervigón, Andrés
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-03-27T09:02:50Z
2019-03-27T09:02:50Z
2018-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16411
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the solid tumors with poorest prognosis. Its growing
incidence projects it to be the second cause of cancer-related deaths after 2030. Self-sufficiency
of growth factors and deregulation of ErbB receptors signaling pathways have been shown to
play a fundamental role in its etiology. One of the mechanisms used by the tumor cell for the
aberrant activation of this family of receptors is the autocrine secretion of EGF-related ligands.
In the last years, therapies targeting ErbB receptors have emerged, but they have shown limited
efficacy in pancreatic cancer. The overexpression of ErbB receptors and their ligands has
demonstrated a critical participation in acquired resistance to these therapies.
In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the contribution of this phenomenon to the
tumorigenesis of pancreatic cancer and insensitivity to EGFR inhibitors. To this end, we used
four pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPc-1, BxPc3, Capan-1 and HPAF-II) and evaluated its
sensitivity to EGFR inhibitor erlotinib, an FDA-approved drug for the treatment of pancreatic
adenocarcinomas in combination with gemcitabine. We determined the expression of ErbB
receptors shown by each cell line and chose two of them (BxPc-3 and HPAF-II) to analyze by RTPCR
the gene expression of three EGF-related ligands (NRG-1, EPRR and TFG-α), prior and after
treatment with erlotinib.
EGFR inhibition rapidly produced an enhanced expression of EPR and TGF-α ligands in BxPc3,
while HPAF-II downregulated both growth factors. Taken together, our findings demonstrate
that treatment with erlotinib induces a change in gene expression of pancreatic cancer cell lines,
which confers them a previously unrecognized mechanism of acquired resistance, allowing them
to evade the cytostatic effects of this drug
spa
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Factor de creixement epidèrmic -- Receptors
Adenocarcinoma
Pàncrees -- Càncer -- Investigació
Erlotinib
Medicaments antineoplàstics
Epidermal growth factor
Pancreas -- Cancer -- Research
Antineoplastic agents
Ligandos autocrinos en la resistencia a erlotinib del cáncer pancreático
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16411/1/GamezGarciaCervigon.Andres.pdf
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GamezGarciaCervigon.Andres.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/168462019-09-03T10:31:08Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Barreiro Meran, Gilda
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-09-03T10:31:08Z
2019-09-03T10:31:08Z
2019-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16846
Currently, there are many efforts to find bone implants and prostheses that adapt well to each
person and do not cause problems, especially in terms of infections of the same. The main
objective of this work is to find a material with bioactivity, which, besides inhibiting the growth
of bacterial strains that cause infections, is biocompatible with the cells that cover the implant
and, therefore, does not affect its rate of proliferation, adhesion or cause cytotoxicity to them.
For this, in this study the surface of what would be the material that makes up an implant, in
this case the Ti6Al7Nb metallic alloy, has been biofunctionalized. The process of
biofunctionalization consisted of anchoring the antimicrobial peptide KR-12 to the surface,
thanks to a simple method such as the use of a silane as coupling agent, which in this study
were APTES and CPTES.
Synthesis of the KR-12 peptide was performed by the standard solid phase synthesis technique
(SPPS) based on Fmoc / tBu, and a purity of the peptide higher than 98% was obtained. The
characterization of the surfaces obtained before and after the anchoring of the peptide was
carried out to verify the binding of KR-12. This characterization was obtained by X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, fluorescent staining of KR-12 and water contact
angle measurement, which demonstrated the success of KR-12 anchoring on the surface. Tests
were performed to evaluate the cytocompatibility of the material with human osteoblastic cells
(hOB), obtaining good results of cell viability and proliferation. In addition, the antimicrobial
activity of KR-12 at a concentration of 0.5 mg / ml was demonstrated against Staphylococcus
aureus, the bacterial strain most frequently present in infections of implants and bone
prostheses. Therefore, the cytocompatibility with human osteoblastic cells and the
antimicrobial activity of Ti6Al7Nb coated with KR-12, make it a candidate to improve the
clinical efficacy of bone implants
spa
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Materials biomèdics
Materials dentals
Antibiòtics pèptids
Implants dentals
Biomedical materials
Dental materials
Peptide antibiotics
Implant dentures
Uso del polipéptido antimicrobiano KR-12, para la biofuncionalización de prótesis óseas compuestas por la aleación metálica TI6AL7NB
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16846/1/BarreiroMeran.Gilda.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/168472019-09-03T11:10:28Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Espuña Navarro, Laura
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-09-03T11:10:28Z
2019-09-03T11:10:28Z
2019-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16847
Prostate cancer is currently one of the leading causes of death in men. The number of affected people is increasing, and future forecasts for them are not comforting. This is due to a number of cases where, despite the aggressive treatment against it, they lead to a type of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) which is now lethal. At the moment the treatment for prostate cancer is based on surgery or radiation, with or without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), whereas in cases where the cancer has already progressed and spread, treatment includes radiation together with ADT or systemic treatments, which contain chemotherapy.
Progression to CRPC occurs after ADT. Androgen ablation is the principal therapy for progressive prostate cancer, causing regression of tumors that are dependent on androgens. Cancers that are not healed by the surgery can end up becoming tumors independent of androgens, which makes anti-androgen therapy an ineffective therapy for these cases. It targets the androgen receptor (AR) and inhibits the proliferation and survival pathways induced by it. It has been shown that AR reactivation develops in CRPC despite ADT therapy. Similarly, the presence of cell populations independent of AR in CRPC has also been identified.
While AR signalling has been proposed as the main axis leading to CRPC, independent AR signalling pathways may also present additional mechanisms leading to progression to CRPC. Therefore, in order to understand how to reach the CRPC stage and when androgen independence is achieved, an understanding of the metabolic and molecular pathways of androgens will be required. In addition, these mechanisms can occur simultaneously and distinctly in each patient, making it more difficult to decide which treatment to use. A number of therapeutic agents to inhibit these pathways have been approved by the FDA, but unfortunately resistance has also been developed against them. Due to the multiple pathways that cancer has to avoid treatments, another focus of study is the best strategy to integrate therapeutic agents and the most optimal sequencing of these in each case to be able to anticipate and overcome any mechanism that the cancer may use
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Medicaments antineoplàstics
Pròstata – Càncer -- Investigació
Antiandrògens
Andrògens
Antineoplastic agents
Prostate -- Cancer -- Research
Antiandrogens
Androgens
Andrògen – Independència en el cáncer de próstata
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16847/1/TFG_Laura+Espu%C3%B1a+Navarro_VF+%281%29.pdf
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TFG_Laura Espuña Navarro_VF (1).pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/168642019-09-04T10:35:16Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Ferrer Ayats, Albert
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-09-04T10:35:16Z
2019-09-04T10:35:16Z
2019-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16864
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are a wide range of unique reactors. They are able to
utilize the reduction-oxidation metabolism of microorganisms for the synthesis or
degradation of compounds at an experimental, pilot or industrial scales. In that way BESs
hold as many different processes as bioremediation, desalination, sustainable energy
production, organic synthesis or biofuel synthesis among others. BES’s potential of
action has awaken, especially in the last decade, much interest among the scientific
community specialized in the fields mentioned above.
Recently, there has been a boom in the varieties of BES capable of synthesizing highvalue
compounds in a process named Microbial Electrosynthesis (MES). Inside MES
reactors, biofilms catalysing the reduction of the produced compounds are an essential
requisite. This reduction takes place on the cathode. In MES specifically this cathode is
biological so it is referred as biocathode.
Biofilms inhabiting the biocathodes are key to the efficiency and productivity of MES
systems. Ideally, these bacterial populations should be able to transfer the electrons
coming from the cathode directly to the compounds being produced, hence, the biofilms
should manifest electrotrophic activity. The actual situation is that the bacterial
ecosystem on the cathode is unstable and susceptible to changes in its environment,
and in addition not all species inhabiting this cathode are electrotrophs. Therefore,
these changes in the biofilm composition can dramatically damage the efficiency of the
system. In search of solutions to this problem, the present work intends to find
potentially electrotrophic microorganisms with high adaptability to different cathode
treatments, in order to determine which bacteria are more resistant to changes in the
cathode environment.
Sequencing data of the 16S rRNA gene have been extracted from four different articles.
Each article applied a different treatment on the biocathode: active energy harvesting,
addition of ferric iron, reduction of p-nitrophenol and dechlorination of
tetrachlorethylene. After the processing and the taxonomic analysis with Rstudio, three
bacterial families have been determined (Pseudomonedaceae, Porphyromonadaceae
and Microbacteriaceae), all of them abundant and present in at least one sample of the
four experiments, which denotes their adaptability to different cathode environments.
Moreover, there are known species such as P. aeruginosa in the Pseudomonedaceae
family that manifest electrotrophic activity, which makes them good candidates to be
introduced into MES systems. However, it has not been possible to determine more
candidates because of the depth of the taxonomic analysis carried out. In addition,
complementary studies are needed to confirm the electrotrophy of the bacteria within
the two remaining selected families (Porphyromonadaceae and Microbacteriaceae)
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Bioelectroquímica
Biofilms
Bacteris
Bioelectrochemistry
Bacterial communities
Famílies bacterianes comunes en els biofilms catòdics de quatre diferents sistemes bioelectroquímics
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16864/1/TFG_albert_ferrer_ayats.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/168652019-09-04T10:39:08Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Navarro Pozo, Lídia
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-09-04T10:39:08Z
2019-09-04T10:39:08Z
2019-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/16865
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of clinical heterogenous mitochondrial disorders caused by DNA mitochondrial (DNAmt) mutations, which is maternally inherited.
Nowadays, a new method called mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRT) has been developed. This method avoids the transmission of mitochondrial diseases from mother to her offspring by using an enucleated oocyte from a donor. MRT include two techniques: pronuclear transfer (PNT) and maternal spindle transfer (MST), which have thrown up great ethical controversy in society.
This study is based on discussing different ethical parameters related with MRT using a bibliographic review of scientific papers. We have observed that MRT present more benefits than risks, despite the fact that a germline modification will take place if a female embryo is produced. It is also remarkable that there are ethical differences between PNT and MST, even though these doesn’t make one technique morally better than the other.
In the majority of countries analysed MRT are not enough regulated, with the exception of China and the United States, where MRT are explicitly forbidden. Thus, the clinic use of MRT is only approved in the United Kingdom, where a licence is required for their use.
It should be noted that the countries’ religion affects legal and social acceptance of MRT, for example, Christianism and Islam present ethic discussions about the inheritable modifications. In addition, one of the main concerns of the society is the DNAmt’s donor implication. In this case, we should consider that the donor has a minimum contribution to the offspring genetics.
The potential application of the techniques in other areas such as infertility treatment of to help lesbian couples is currently being studied. The search of alternatives to MRT is also under study, despite the fact that, nowadays, they are the only technologies enough reliable that give the opportunity to obtain a genetically connected offspring and at the same time, avoiding the mitochondrial disease transmission.
In conclusion, MRT are a group of innovative techniques with many benefits but more research is needed, in order to avoid potential harm and to develop new laws to regulate the clinic use of the method. It is also needed to generate a global acceptance in currently society
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mitocondris -- Malalties -- Transmissió
Genètica -- Aspectes ètics i morals
Reproducció humana assistida -- Aspectes ètics i morals
Mitochondrial pathology -- Transmission
Genetics -- Moral and ethical aspects
Human reproductive technology -- Moral and ethical aspects
Tècniques de substitució mitocondrial : aspectes ètics
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/16865/1/NavarroPozo.Lidia.pdf
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NavarroPozo.Lidia.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/171972019-11-21T13:12:17Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Coma Solanas, Guillem
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-11-21T13:12:17Z
2019-11-21T13:12:17Z
2019-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/17197
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria oxidize ammonium to nitrogen gas under
lack of oxygen, using nitrite as electron acceptor. The combined partial nitritation – anammox
(PNA) process is fully autotrophic and results in an advantageous alternative to remove nitrogen
(N) from wastewater in comparison to the conventional nitrification-denitrification process. This
study focused on the treatment of the centrate obtained after dewatering the digestate from
an anaerobic digester in a wastewater treatment plant (Terri WWTP). The centrate was treated
by PNA in a 10-L single-stage sequencing batch reactor (SBR), also looking for the simultaneous
precipitation of phosphorus (P) through biologically induced mineralization (BIM).
The PNA SBR was operated for 200 days involving different operational phases: inoculation,
stabilization and regular performance. Autotrophic N-removal from centrate (1100 mg N/L, 15
mg P/L) was successfully achieved reaching a final ammonium removal rate of 206 mg N/L·d
(equivalent to a loading rate of 260 mg N/L·d with a removal efficiency of 81%). The suspended
solids content in the SBR increased by a factor of 3,5 approximately, with a final value of 3180
mg/L (86% volatile) and very good settling properties according to the granular shape of the
sludge.
Phosphate BIM was assumed to took place under appropriate reactor operation (days 125-169),
resulting in the formation of calcium phosphate (Ca/P molar ratio of 1,56). Supplementation of
the centrate with phosphate favoured mineralization. Average removals of 20% phosphate and
34% calcium were measured in the liquid phase. It was not possible to confirm phosphate
precipitation as struvite or K-struvite inside the reactor.
Effluent from the PNA SBR could be additionally post-treated by chemical precipitation to
produce struvite and K-struvite with the consideration of a reduced concentration of
ammonium-N (150-200 mg/L) and alkalinity (≈340 mg/L), as well as a remaining concentration
of phosphate-P (50-100 mg/L) and potassium (200 mg/L). Phosphate precipitation during or
after biological N-removal is interesting because it implies a reduction in the use of chemicals to
increase the pH due to a decrease in the alkalinity of the wastewater
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament biològic
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Desnitrificació
Bioreactors
Sewage -- Purification -- Nitrogen removal
Sewage - -Purification -- Biological treatment
Tractament del centrat d'un digestor anaerobi mitjançant el procés anammox combinant amb la precipitació de fòsfor bioinduïda i en forma d'estruvita i K-estruvita
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/17197/1/TFG-Guillem+Coma+Solanas.pdf
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TFG-Guillem Coma Solanas.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/171982019-11-21T13:16:23Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Fleitas García, Ana Rosa
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-11-21T13:16:23Z
2019-11-21T13:16:23Z
2019-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/17198
Currently, we find ourselves in a period of energy transition based on the search of cleaner and more sustainable energy systems allowing the progressive disuse of fossil compounds’ combustion-based systems in order to reduce pollutant emissions and greenhouse gases mainly responsible of the climate change.
Hydrogen (H2) is a carbon-free fuel representing an ecological and renewable energy source that can be produced from bio-electrochemical systems. These systems take advantage of the capacity of microorganisms to carry out oxidation-reduction reactions when an electric potential is applied, and they are presented as an alternative to achieve the aforementioned objectives. These systems can be exploited in the hydrogen’s production using bacteria that have electro-chemical activity and that, also, have the enzymes necessary for their production. These characteristics are fulfilled by the purple non-sulfur bacteria (PNS) and within this group, more specifically, the alpha-proteobacteria.
Bacterial immobilization is useful for the optimization of bio-processes since it provides a series of advantages over working with cells in suspension: it can be operated during the growth phase of bacteria for a long time period, it takes less space and volume of growth medium phase due to the fact that the cells are concentrated and a greater catalytic stability and greater resistance to toxins or external enzymatic inhibitors can be achieved. In the case of the bio-electrochemical systems, bacterial immobilization is important because, in addition, it allows to reduce the start-up time that is, the necessary time between the inoculation of the system and the operation of the complete performance.
This project aims to verify the effectiveness of bacterial immobilization protocols in the production of H2 by the alpha-proteobacteria Rhodobacter sp. DSM 5864 and the isolate C1S119.2 of Rhodopseudomonas palustris in a bio-electrochemical system using an H-type reactor. To achieve this purpose, bio-electrochemical systems have been implemented by providing these bacteria with electrons and CO2 as a source of carbon in a mineral medium. For Rhodobacter sp. DSM 5864 we have applied potentials of -0,4, -0,6 and -0,8V vs. SHE (standard hydrogen electrode) and in the case of the isolate C1S119.2 we have fixed a potential of -0,8V vs. SHE. In both cases maintaining a temperature of 30°C and in a constant agitation. Hydrogen concentrations achieved in the liquid phase of the cathode were measured using a hydrogen probe and, from these concentrations, we could determine the hydrogen productions. We had used agar for the immobilization. In addition, for each experiment, controls were carried out without immobilization of the cathode with agar and with immobilization of the cathode with agar without the bacteria. It was determined the redox activity of Rhodobacter sp. through a cyclic voltammetry and the viability of the isolate C1S119.2 through the addition of 1,5 mL of Na-acetate (2,5 mM) in the cathodic chamber at specific moments.
It was concluded that the bacterial strains used are not the most adequate with the conditions of the system with which we have been working. In addition, it was corroborated that agar isn’t a suitable material to perform the immobilization because it prevents the diffusion to the medium. In addition, the immobilization protocol was optimized thanks to the fact of measuring the optical density of the cultures used for the immobilization, the use of agar concentrations of 10 g/L and the application of the mixture of cells and agar covering the cathode thanks to the pocket designed by the team
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Hidrogen com a combustible
Energies renovables
Bacteris fotosintetitzadors
Hydrogen as fuel
Renewable energy sources
Photosynthetic bacteria
Optimització de la immobilització bacteriana per la bio-producció d’hidrogen amb alfa-proteobacteris
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/17198/1/MemoriaTFG_AnaRosaFletiasGarcia.pdf
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MemoriaTFG_AnaRosaFletiasGarcia.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/171992019-11-21T13:19:50Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
González Escalante, Armand
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-11-21T13:19:50Z
2019-11-21T13:19:50Z
2019-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/17199
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are environmental-friendly technologies that
have huge potential. They employ organisms, redox reactions and electron transfer
to produce either electricity or a chemical product. BES consist in a
compartmentalized chamber with two electrodes in it, an anode and a cathode,
bathed in a solution. The chamber is formed by an anodic region, where the
oxidation reaction takes place, and a cathodic region, the site where the reduction
reaction occurs. These two regions are (often) separated by a semi-permeable
membrane and the electrodes are joined by an outside electron-conducting wire.
Microbial electrosynthesis (MES), an instance of BES, is used to produce acetate
(among other commodity chemicals). In a previous study, it was hypothesized that
a MES system yielding acetate from CO2 and electricity, worked by the action of a
consortium of two bacteria genera, Rhodobacter sp. at a biofilm surrounding the
cathode and Clostridium sp. at the bulk of the liquid. The former would take both
the electrons from the electrode and the H+ from the solution, to synthesize H2.
While the latter, would employ that molecular hydrogen as an electron donor to
produce acetate by reducing the supplied CO2. Whole metagenome shotgun (WMS)
data generated from different types of samples from this system was preprocessed
and inputted to DIAMOND, a Blast-like software, and aligned to a reverse
translated database built from UniRef sequences of electron transfer proteins. The
outputted data was screened, sorted and counted for the column categories ‘group
of proteins’ and ‘genus’. Using that information, a relative protein frequency
comparison between the samples and a taxonomy profile assessment of each
sample, were performed. At the same time, two different methods for the
taxonomical assignment of WMS data, one using 16S rRNA (Metaxa2) and another
(MetaPhlan) that didn’t, were compared in order to assess the limitations associated
with 16S rRNA profiling. The 16S rRNA taxonomical assignment method worked
better than the alternative but the comparison was deemed inconclusive. Finally,
the global results seem to support, at least partially, the hypothesis of the previously
mentioned work, but further investigation needs to be performed on the biocathode
community and especially in the mechanism of action of several electron external
transfer proteins candidates
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Bioelectroquímica
Biofilms
Bacteris
Bioelectrochemistry
Bacterial communities
Metagenomic analysis of biocathodic communities and its electron transfer proteins with bioinformatics tools
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/17199/1/GonzalezEscalante.Armand.pdf
File
MD5
57b1b9cff4839e725bc3f034668bea05
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application/pdf
GonzalezEscalante.Armand.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/172002019-11-21T13:23:33Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Morea Martín, David
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-11-21T13:23:33Z
2019-11-21T13:23:33Z
2019-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/17200
This project has consisted in the synthesis of five manganese complexes containing the N-bidentate ligand 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, dmp, together with two monodentate ligands, -Cl and -CF3SO3, the study of their spectroscopic, structural and electrochemical properties, and their evaluation as catalysts for the photooxidation of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones.
The first three synthesized complexes were obtained by a process of mixing the reagents, stirring, filtrating the medium, and washing it. These three catalysts were [MnCl2(dmp)2] 1, [Mn2Cl4(dmp)2] 2 and [Mn(CF3SO3)2(dmp)2] 4. From the crystallization of compound 2’s mother liquor compound [MnCl2(dmp)(H2O)] 3 was obtained. On the other hand, recrystallization of complex 4 in an ethyl acetate solution produced crystals of [Mn(OAc)(dmp)(OH2)2](dpmH)(CF3SO3)2 5. All five compounds were subsequently characteried through IR spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction.
After the characterization of the five catalysts, compounds 1, 2 and 4 and other three additional ones, 1a, 2a and 3a, synthesized during a previous project, were tested as photocatalysts in the oxidation of alcohols. Firstly, a study was made to determine the optimal reaction time, which was found to be 12 h. All the compounds showed moderate yield with high selectivity values for the photooxidation of 1-phenylethanol. The complexes containing the pyridine pyrazole ligand (1a-3a) presented better performance than 1-3 complexes, which contained the dmp ligand. In general, the yield values displayed by chloride catalysts were higher than those presented by the triflate complexes. Finally, the two chloride complexes, 1 and 2, were used to catalyze the photooxidations of five different alcohols in neutral and acidic media.
The last phase of the project was dedicated to demonstrate the formation of high valent manganese species in water when Mn(II) is oxidized by a compound with a higher redox potential such as [RuIII(bpy)3]3+. This was visualized by UV-Vis and ESI-MS spectroscopy and accomplished by both photooxidation and chemical oxidation
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Manganès -- Compostos
Lligands
Catàlisi
Manganese compounds
Ligands
Catalysis
Synthesis and Characterization of Manganese complexes as Photooxidation Catalysts
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/17200/1/moreamartin.david.pdf
File
MD5
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901228
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moreamartin.david.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/172012022-10-10T07:42:36Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Montero Pañero, Irene
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-11-21T13:27:38Z
2019-11-21T13:27:38Z
2019-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/17201
The research of pincer ligands of PCP type has increased during the last years. These ligands can form complexes with metals and participate in the catalytic acceptorless dehydrogenation reactions through metal-ligand cooperation (MLC). This type of reactions are not dangerous for the environment and uses a catalyst to carry them out, according to the principles of green chemistry.
In this work we have studied pyridine-based PCP-Ruthenium complexes. One of them complexes is capable of catalysing dehydrogenative reactions of alcohols without an agent acceptor, through the dearomatization / aromatization of the complex by MLC.
Its structure, stability, through the relative energy of Gibbs, and aromaticity of each complex have been studied using calculations within the framework of density functional theory (DFT).
It has been established, from calculations of relative energy of Gibbs, which complex is more stable and less favoured thermodynamically as a function of the proposed substituents of the phosphorus atoms of its structure. In addition, changes have been discovered in the Lewis structure proposed by Milstein and collaborators of one of the complexes, through the results of Mayer Bond Orders (MBO). And, structurally the steric maps have confirmed the changes that the substituents produce on the coordination sphere around the metal.
The aromaticity of the complexes has also been checked through different aromaticity indexes based on the electronic, magnetic and geometric structure, and it has been seen that the NICS, HOMA and FLU indices give better results than the rest. No differences in aromaticity have been observed with respect to the substituents of the phosphorus atoms, but a reduction in the aromaticity between complexes has generally been seen, and one of the complexes has been established as non-aromatic.
Finally, the metal used experimentally by Milstein and collaborators has been replaced by iron and osmium to study also the structure, stability and aromaticity of this. It has been seen that the complex is more stable, the strength of bond increases, and it is more aromatic with iron in its structure
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Lligands
Piridina
Ruteni -- Compostos
Funcional de densitat, Teoria del
Aromaticitat (Química)
Ligands
Pyridine
Ruthenium compounds
Density functionals
Aromaticity (Chemistry)
Pincer ligands combined with the right metals: towards green chemistry
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/17201/1/2019_TFG_IreneMontero.pdf
File
MD5
062f5153cbbe1b85d40759a6d6db5ba3
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2019_TFG_IreneMontero.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/172022019-11-21T13:37:27Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Puerta Fuentes, Raquel
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-11-21T13:37:27Z
2019-11-21T13:37:27Z
2019-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/17202
Neurodegeneration and dementia are the principal pathological hallmarks in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nowadays, it is known that the main cause of the illness is aggregation and misfolded protein deposition which has the ability to transmit the wrong conformation to native proteins. These proteins are amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau protein that form senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NTF), respectively. That kind of structures are closely related with cellular damage like synaptic and calcium homeostasis dysfunctions, and with oxidative stress that consequently leads to neuronal degeneration.
The Aβ protein is a proteolysis cleavage product of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the β- and 𝛾�-secretases enzymes in the amyloidogenic pathway that leads to AB peptide formation. Furthermore, this mechanism can generate other APP truncated proteins with different length and toxicity. The Aβ42 form has the greatest ability to form aggregates and, as a result, is more related with the fibril formation, intracellular structures aggregation and causes higher toxicity than the other forms.
Taking into account the difficulty of working and growing mammalian cells in culture, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used to develop different models for studying Alzheimer’s disease. These eukaryotic cells are simple and can easily be used in cloning and mutagenesis procedures while, at the same time, they share many molecular and cellular traits with more complex organisms. Thus, yeasts are really useful for the study of the molecular basis of human diseases. Here we use a yeast W303-1A strain expressing the Aβ42 protein tagged in N-Terminal with the green fluorescence protein (GFP) to recapitulate and analyse the intracellular aggregation of Aβ42. Also, it allows us to study the effects of overexpression and protein deposition in the cellular functions and mechanisms. More important for our objectives, yeast cells allow the screening of enormous numbers of substances and peptides that prevent or hinder the formation of Aβ42 aggregates
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Prions
Alzheimer, Malaltia d' -- Investigació
Alzheimer's disease -- Research
Setting up antiprions: a screen for prion mutants interfering with endogenous prion aggregation
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/17202/1/PuertaFuentes.Raquel.pdf
File
MD5
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PuertaFuentes.Raquel.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/172032019-11-21T13:40:45Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Tuneu Esquís, Guillem
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2019-11-21T13:40:45Z
2019-11-21T13:40:45Z
2019-09
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/17203
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved alternative treatment that bases its mechanism of action on a photosensitizer (PS) that is activated when irradiated with light, and that in the presence of molecular oxygen generates ROS that causes oxidative damage to cancer cells. The concept first emerged in 1900 when Raab observed that the combination of light and acridine had a lethal effect on a paramecium species. Later, in 1961 Lipson and Baldes confirmed that a derivative of porphyrin accumulated in the tumor tissue and emitted fluorescence. In 1993 a PS, the Photofrin, was approved for the first time to treat cancer. On the other hand, photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT) is an alternative treatment in development that does not yet have clinical applications. It relies its operation on a photocaged compound formed by a metallic part attached to another molecule that, when irradiated with light, breaks down and releases a specific therapeutic molecule for a target. The photocaged compounds were first used by Engels and Kaplan in the late seventies and since 2009 the term PACT has been used to refer to oncological strategies using these compounds. The main objective of this work has been, by means of a bibliographic search, to define the real scope and limitations of PDT and PACT, while posing its differential values and future prospects. PDT can be applied to treat different types of cancers, being especially effective in early superficial well oxygenated tumors. It can also be used as a diagnostic tool. However, it cannot currently be used in hypoxic tumors or in metastases, and the delivery of light in deep tumors can be complicated. The high selectivity for tumor tissue and the insignificant side effects it causes are its differential values. PDT can therefore be fully consolidated in the future, combined with other therapies, but also as a standalone treatment for oxygenated tumours. PACT’s mode of action gives it a differential value to treat multiple types of cancers, including hypoxic ones, without damaging healthy tissues. However, current PACT compounds do not absorb light efficiently enough and their photoactivation is irreversible. PACT's future prospects are promising if it improves its performance and finds a niche market where it can exploit its ability to treat tumors in a targeted manner
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Càncer -- Fototeràpia
Càncer -- Fotoquimioteràpia
Cancer -- Phototherapy
Cancer -- Photochemotherapy
Teràpia fotodinámica (PDT) i quimioterapia fotoactivada (PACT) en el tractament del cáncer: abast i limitacions
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/17203/1/TFG_Guillem_Tuneu.pdf
File
MD5
237f9da693e78afb9c1ac9d6936ca120
1134153
application/pdf
TFG_Guillem_Tuneu.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/205172022-02-01T10:07:37Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Navarro Camprubí, Ona
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2022-02-01T10:07:37Z
2022-02-01T10:07:37Z
2021-05-31
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/20517
The human spermatozoon is a highly differentiated cell type whose function is to
transport the genetic material into the oocyte, without being altered in the process.
Spermatozoa are produced in the testes and then have to undergo some modifications in
order to become functional and be able to fertilize the oocyte. Among these modifications,
the acquisition of motility is an essential process since it is indispensable that spermatozoa
have good motility in order to perform their function. The motor that enables this motility
is the axoneme, an internal microtubular structure that begins at the connecting piece and
reaches the terminal piece of the sperm tail. Therefore, among the parameters involved in
male fertility, sperm motility has a very important role.
In recent years, the increasing rate of infertility has become a clinical problem and, the
number of couples that must attend to assisted reproductive techniques (ART), in order
to achieve pregnancy, is growing up. One of the most common causes of male infertility
is due to problems related to sperm motility, mainly caused by an overproduction of
reactive oxygen species. On the other side, sperm motility is also an important parameter
in ART, because it influences the choice of the treatment. Therefore, it is necessary to
find therapeutic agents that increase sperm motility in vitro and/or in vivo, but without
affecting the fertilization capacity of the spermatozoa or further embryo development, in
other words that is, without side effects derived from the process of sperm stimulation.
For this reason, a literature search was carried out with the aim of learning and comparing
different approaches and therapeutic agents that improve sperm motility to treat male
infertility due to a low quality of this sperm parameter. Usually, the increase in sperm
motility in vivo is due to a decrease of the oxidative stress at a testicular level through the
use of antioxidants, meanwhile, in in vitro procedures, it is due to the use of
phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The results obtained in in vitro treatments are more
promising compared to those obtained in vivo ones, but further research is required to
ensure clinical effectiveness and safety of the discussed compounds
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Esterilitat masculina
Infertility, Male
Espermatozoides
Spermatozoa
Reproducció humana assistida
Human reproductive technology
Comparació de les principals tècniques de millora de la motilitat espermàtica pel tractament de la infertilitat masculina
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/20517/1/NavarroCamprubi.Ona.pdf
File
MD5
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2135198
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NavarroCamprubi.Ona.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/205192022-02-01T10:26:17Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Pradas Planella, Arnau
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2022-02-01T10:23:49Z
2022-02-01T10:23:49Z
2021-06-01
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/20519
Wastewater treatment plants treat water modified by humans in order to avoid contaminated
water in the natural environment and maintain resilience in the water cycle. Conventional
treatments carried out in these treatment plants make it possible to remove excess organic
matter and pollutants from the water but have many limitations.
These limitations can be overcome through the implementation of technologies that complement
and optimize existing processes and, in the end, generate better quality of treated water. One of
these technologies is the use of membrane bioreactor technology (MBR) applied to conventional
sewage treatment plants.
MBRs generate higher water quality and require smaller reactor volumes, but the membranes
that make it up have fouling processes that decrease process efficiency.
One of the most widely used systems for minimizing fouling, is based on creating turbulences by
aeration on the membranes in order to clean them and improve efficiency. This process has a
very high energy expenditure, and in the present study, two proposals for air-scour control
systems to save energy have been studied. One of these systems is based on binary logic and has
already been validated in real plants, while the other, based on fuzzy logic, has been developed
and presented in this study.
Finally, two responses of the decision support systems were tested, one proposal working with
hourly time changes (proposing an air-scour modification every hour) and has been compared to
daily changes.
The results have shown greater savings potential with the use of the fuzzy logic-based control
system over binary logic. In addition, when working with hourly responses, more savings were
generated than in daily responses
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Aigües residuals -- Depuració
Sewage -- Purification
Bioreactors
Membrane bioreactor
Seguiment d’una planta pilot de bioreactor de membranes (MBR) i validació del sistema de control basat en eines de lògica difusa per a l’optimització energètica
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/20519/1/Pradas%2C+Arnau.pdf
File
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Pradas, Arnau.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/205212024-01-22T07:09:55Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Sintes Pons, Simó
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2022-02-01T10:38:35Z
2022-02-01T10:38:35Z
2021-05-28
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/20521
In this epidemiological study, the incidence of hematological neoplasms classified according to the
International Classification of Childhood Cancer third edition (ICCC-3) has been estimated from data
provided by 19 Spanish registries. The study has used data obtained between 1995 and 2014 for
patients of pediatric age (0-14 years). All neoplasms have been revised, recoded under the
International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-3 (ICDO-3) and grouped according to the ICCC-3.
The analysis has been carried out by separating the cases diagnosed by sex and into three age groups,
obtaining the incidence rates, that are crude rate and age-adjusted rate from the standard European
and world population. Up to 2860 cases of hematological diseases have been diagnosed in the
established time period, 1963 cases corresponding to leukaemias, myeloproliferative and
myelodisplastic diseases, and 897 cases of lymphomas and reticuloendothelial neoplasms. Lymphoid
leukemias, and specifically precursor cell leukemias, have been the most common in all registered
territories, constituting 50,2% of all hematological malignances diagnosed with an ASR of 30,5 per
million person-years. With 11,6% of all cases detected, acute myeloid leukemias have placed second
with an incidence rate of 7,0 per million. Among lymphomas, the most common in the period of study
has been Hodgkin's lymphoma with a rate of 6,4 per million and accounting for 10,3% of all treated
pathologies. The incidence rates (ASRw) of leukemias (44,6) and lymphomas (18,5) in Spain have been
very similar to the other European countries, comparing the data provided by the International Agency
for Research on Cancer (IARC). Only some countries in South America and Oceania have registered
higher leukemia rates; while in Asia the incidence rates for limphoma have been lower than European
ones. The incidence analysed in Africa has been considerably lower than the rest of the world.
Specifically, the incidence rate of Burkitt lymphoma in Spain (5,2) is above the rate observed in Europe,
where this pathology is rare in the age group studied
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Hematologia oncològica
Hematological oncology
Tumors
Hodgkin, Malaltia de
Hodgkin’s disease
Leucèmia
Leukemia
Incidència poblacional de neoplàsies hematològiques infantils a Espanya (1995-2014)
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/20521/1/sintespons.sim%C3%B3n.pdf
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MD5
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sintespons.simón.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/205222022-02-01T11:14:25Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Torres Puigvert, Laia
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2022-02-01T11:14:25Z
2022-02-01T11:14:25Z
2021-06-01
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/20522
Polymers are now of great importance to the global economy, and this is reflected in their
high levels of production. Most plastics produced are not biodegradable, come from nonrenewable resources and are not recycled. Therefore, the accumulation of plastic waste is
becoming a real problem for the environment and for humans. The importance of this fact
has aroused great interest in finding alternatives, the most important is the use of
bioplastics. This term encompasses a whole set of polymers that are biodegradable, come
from natural resources or both characteristics at the same time.
The aim of this bibliographic study is seeing if these polymers are a viable alternative to
conventional plastics and if so, which ones are more likely to stand out from the others.
The different types to be considered have been distributed in four different groups,
according to their origin and according to their biodegradability, and in each case their
advantages, disadvantages, applications, market price and their biodegradable
microorganisms have been examined.
Through comparisons of costs, advantages, disadvantages, and applications, it can be seen
that in the economic field there is no plastic more cost-effective than any conventional
polymer. Therefore, more studies are needed to lower production costs. On the other hand,
there are very few plastics that solve the problem of biodegradability at the same time as
the origin of raw materials. However, in order for those with both characteristics to
acquire properties similar to those of type IV polymers, and also not to have excessively
high prices, in many cases it would be necessary to mix them with other materials.
Although there is currently no biopolymer that can replace conventional plastics in its
entirety and effectively, in the near future and by conducting relevant research there are
plastics, such as PLA or PHB, with a lot of potential to do it
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Biopolímers
Biopolymers
Plàstics
Plastics
Plàstics biodegradables
Biodegradable plastics
Anàlisi de la viabilitat de diferents biopolímers com a alternatives als plàstics convencionals
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/20522/1/torrespuigvert.laia.pdf
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torrespuigvert.laia.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/236112023-11-07T09:23:21Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Roura Fernández, Elisabet
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2023-11-07T09:23:21Z
2023-11-07T09:23:21Z
2023-06
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/23611
Sudden cardiac death is defined as a natural and unexpected death due to cardiac causes, and is responsable for more than 60% of deaths caused by cardiovascular reasons. Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a channelopathy that can lead to sudden cardiac death, and can be caused by variants in the SCN5A gene, which encodes for the cardiac sodium channel (NaV1.5). In this final degree thesis we have studied the possible effect of the variants of uncertain significance SCN5A_c.2302A>G and SCN5A_c.2332 C>T, found in patients with BrS, using HEK-293T cells as a cellular model. It has been observed that both variants decrease the expression of NaV1.5 and modify its localization. This study is very initial and it would be convenient to perform more experiments, but this work shows the importance of the nucleotide conservation of this region of NaV1.5
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Mort sobtada
Brugada, Síndrome de
Expressió gènica
Canals de sodi
Cor -- Malalties -- Aspectes genètics
Sudden death
Brugada syndrome
Sodium channels
Gene expression
Heart -- Diseases -- Genetic aspects
Caracterització de variants de significat incert situades al gen codificant pel canal de sodi cardíac en cèl·lules HEK-293T
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/23611/1/Roura.Elisabet.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/242912024-02-02T13:59:39Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Benyahya Mechouat, Ayman
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-02T13:59:39Z
2024-02-02T13:59:39Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24291
Currently, bioinformatic tools focused on predicting protein structures and simulating the
interactions between these proteins and different molecules are being developed. Among them, the AlphaFold program stands out as an innovative artificial intelligence system used to predict protein structures. However, the application of these computational protocols is still undergoing validation. Specifically, a general protocol that allows the routine use of these tools in drug design or personalized medicine has not yet been found. The objective of this work is primarily to determine the validity of the AlphaFold method for predicting the structures of proteins that are therapeutic targets against cancer. Firstly, it has been determined that the structures predicted by AlphaFold are highly similar to the experimental ones in terms of global structure, indicating its potential and the projection that this system has. However, a more detailed analysis of these structures generated with AlphaFold has revealed that there are variations compared to experimental structures in certain domains that are generally disordered but crucial for the physiological functioning of the protein. In fact, they play a crucial role in the regulation and transmission of signaling pathways and, especially, they affect kinases due to their inherent nature. Subsequently, the interaction of these predicted proteins with different molecules, with which they have a certain affinity, has been studied using molecular docking programs. It has been observed that, overall, the AlphaFold structures do not provide a better prediction of the receptorligand interaction than the experimental structures. Finally, it has been demonstrated that the structures predicted by AlphaFold, relaxed through molecular dynamics, do not improve the outcome of the initial prediction. This study has shown that bioinformatic tools are in development and could be very useful for research. However, further work is needed to improve these tools in order to better analyze and understand the complex interactions that occur at the physiological level. This advancement would drive the discovery and development of new therapies targeting proteins responsible for diseases such as cancer
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
AlphaFold
Bioinformàtica
Biologia computacional
Medicaments antineoplàstics
Proteïnes supressores de tumors
Enginyeria de proteïnes
Bioinformatics
Antineoplastic agents
Tumor suppressor proteins
Protein engineering
Computational biology
Validació i optimització de ferramentes bioinformàtiques per la predicció d'estructura de proteïnes i interaccions lligand-receptor : aplicació a dianes terapèutiques del càncer
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24291/1/BENYAHYA.AYMAN+%281%29.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/242922024-02-02T14:02:34Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Casadevall Monells, Arnau
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-02T14:02:34Z
2024-02-02T14:02:34Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24292
One of the objectives of the research group in which I joined during my TFG is the
development of nuclear-directed human ribonucleases as antitumor agents. Although
these variants are highly active and selective against tumor cells in vitro, their activity in
vivo is limited due to pharmacokinetic issues. For this reason, different projects are being
developed to improve it. Currently, a drug delivery system (DDS) is being designed that
would counteract some of these drawbacks. A DDS is a nanoparticle that surrounds the
drug, facilitating its delivery to the target tissue and protecting it from its elimination.
Specifically, this DDS is based on taking advantage of a human proteina nanoparticle,
the eukaryotic vault. Its structure is interesting due to its low immunogenicity, its in vitro
stability and the possibility of producing similar structures that are empty on the inside
by expressing the main protein of this structure, which is the MVP. This recombinant
structure is capable of encapsulating therapeutic agents fused to the INT domain. The
group is attempting to recombinantly produce MVP in E. coli to form the eukaryotic vault
with a tumor penetrating peptide (TPP) to encapsulate a cytotoxic ribonuclease fused to
the INT domain. As a tool to facilitate this development, in this project we designed a
cargo protein that allows us to determine the functionality of this recombinant vault. This
cargo consists of a fusion protein between the INT domain, GFP and glutathione Stransferase. Different purification systems have been tested for GST-GFP-INT cargo
protein, both from the supernatant and from the sediment of a cell lysate, and a protocol
has been established that allows it to be obtained in a large amount and purity. We show
that this protein can be encapuslated within a nanoparticle formed from the refolding of
MVP
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Escherichia coli
Medicaments antineoplàstics
Proteïnes supressores de tumors
Enginyeria de proteïnes
Ribonucleases
Antineoplastic agents
Tumor suppressor proteins
Protein engineering
Desenvolupament d’un sistema d’entrega de fàrmacs proteics antitumorals produït en Escherichia coli basat en la proteïna majoritària de la volta eucariota
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24292/1/Casadevall.Monells.Arnau.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/242932024-02-02T14:08:04Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Castells Colldeforn, Pau
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-02T14:08:04Z
2024-02-02T14:08:04Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24293
Nucleic acid-based therapies constitute a promising tool for treatment of diseases like cancer.
However, the main challenge in this discipline consists in the development of safe and efficient
vectors to deliver the therapeutic genes to the target cells. In this way, poli(beta-aminoesters)
(pBAE)s were modified with cationic terminal oligopeptides (OM-pBAEs), to facilitate the
genetic material encapsulation and, in turn, help on achieving high transfection efficacy, while
maintaining the biocompatibility of the resulting nanoparticles (NPs).
Microscopy could be a good way to characterise these NPs and their cellular trafficking. Even
so, the diffraction limits of conventional microscopes hinder the resolution of particle smaller
than 200-300 nm. On the other hand, the acquisition of super-resolution microscopy involves a
large cost and time investment. Thus, a new super-resolution imaging technology, expansion
microscopy (ExM), has been developed. This technique consists on the use of common lab
equipment and inexpensive chemicals to physically magnify biological specimens, so that the
sample can be imaged with nanoscale resolution using a conventional microscope.
The main objective of this project has been to develop and optimise an ExM protocol, for the
study of OM-pBAE NPs trafficking in cells. To achieve the desired protocol it have been set: the appropriated cell density to seed (25·104 cells/mL), the concentration of nuclei staining (0.5 µg/mL), the ideal way of dyeing the cytoplasmic membrane (pre-gelation) and the incubation time with Proteinase (ProK) (3 hours)
to ensure an optimal and expansion of the sample. For the NPs, the protocol has been modified,
reducing the Acryloyl X treatment and polymerization to 30 minutes and removing the ProK
digestion, in order to keep the NPs formed and visualize them after the process. Lastly, the
characterization of the cellular trafficking of NPs showed differences between NPs with
different oligopeptide terminals, as a proof of concept of the utility of the technique.
Consequently, it can be stated that proExM protocols have been successfully optimized, which
helped to characterize OM-pBAEs NPs, which can be useful to understand the endocytic
pathways of the cell, once transfected with them
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Microscòpia
Microscòpia de fluorescència
Àcids nucleics
Medicaments antineoplàstics
Càncer -- Teràpia genètica
Enginyeria de proteïnes
Ultraestructura (Biologia)
Microscopy
Nucleic acids
Antineoplastic agents
Tumor suppressor proteins
Protein engineering
Fluorescence microscopy
Gene therapy
Ultrastructure (Biology)
Developing a new method for nanoparticle characterization and cell trafficking using expansion microscopy as high- resolution fluorescent microscopy technique
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24293/1/CastellsColldeforns.Pau.pdf
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oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/243182024-02-06T09:12:29Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Herrán i Morueco, Èric
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-06T09:12:29Z
2024-02-06T09:12:29Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24318
Rice husk (RH) is an agricultural by-product produced in large quantities but currently underutilized. During the last few years, it has begun to investigate its possible uses in different modalities and it has been possible to check its adsorption capacity for some compounds. Reusing RH as an adsorbent can be of particular relevance to ensure the sustainability of nature-based solutions (NBS) for greywater treatment. Its ability to adsorb nutrients, together with the ability to release organic carbon, suggests that it may be a promising material for maintaining colonies of denitrifying microorganisms. In this work, we’ve carried out part of a preliminary batch study of the adsorbent capacity of RH towards nitrates and other compounds, and also of its total organic carbon (TOC) release capacity. To do this, in addition, real gray water has been used. Our results state that RH could be a viable material as a carbon source for use as a substrate in green walls or other NBS. It has been shown to release significant amounts of TOC. However, it has not been possible to determine an adsorption capacity for nitrates. A positive correlation between
TOC, Conductivity and some released ions has also been described. A mechanism has
been proposed to explain these correlations, although specific studies would be needed to
confirm it. A fit analysis of the TOC desorption kinetics has been performed comparing it
with pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The fit is good in both models,
but the pseudo-first-order one seems better. Possible lines of research would be the study of
RH directly used in NBS pilot plants, the study of the adsorption or desorption capacity
of nitrates with synthetic gray waters or the analysis of the load of microorganisms in
function of TOC degradation, especially those with denitrifying capacity
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Arròs -- Productes derivats -- Aplicacions industrials
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Tractament biològic
Aigües residuals -- Depuració -- Desnitrificació
Rice -- By-products -- Industrial applications
Sewage -- Purification -- Biological treatment
Sewage -- Purification -- Nitrogen removal
La Pellofa d’arròs per al tractament d’aigües grises : estudi preliminar en batch de l’alliberament de carboni orgànic i característiques de l’aigua tractada
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24318/1/HerranMorueco.%C3%88ric.pdf
File
MD5
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HerranMorueco.Èric.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/243192024-02-06T09:34:21Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Justicia Kádár, Àlex
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-06T09:34:21Z
2024-02-06T09:34:21Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24319
Crohn’s disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel pathology whose ethology is unknown. However,
it has been observed the presence of adherent-invasive strain of Escherichia coli (AIEC) in many
patients. This pathotype of E. coli can adhere and invade the intestinal epithelial cells besides is
capable to survive and replicate within macrophages, triggering the common chronic
inflammatory response of Crohn’s disease.
The interaction between AIEC and intestinal epithelial cells is mediated by a wide variety of
virulence factors regulated by two nucleotides, tetra- and pentaphosphate guanosine ((p)ppGpp).
These nucleotides regulate the transcription of wide range of genes involved in the stringent cell
response, which occurs in the presence of cellular stress and nutrient starvation, as well as in the
infective processes of pathogenic strains. The levels of (p)ppGpp are regulated by RelA and SpoT enzymes in Escherichia coli. The structure
of this enzymes is based in a synthetase domain and hydrolase domain, except for RelA, which
only has the functional synthetase domain. This project aims to characterize the RelA/SpoT
synthetases of (p)ppGpp in AIEC strain and compare them with those of commensal strain
MG1655, which is part of the intestinal microbiota. In this study, wild-type strains of MG1655 and LF82 (AIEC) were uses, along with their respective mutant, on deficient in the relA gene (ΔrelA) and another deficient in both relA and spoT (ppGpp0
). Characterization was carried out through an initial evaluation of the mutation’s effect on bacterial
physiology using a nutrient competition assay, growth curves, motility and biofilm formation
capability. It was also evaluated the role of ppGpp in the adherent-invasive capacity of AIEC and
finally the ppGpp levels were indirectly estimated by qPCR detection of the iraP gene.
The results suggest that mutations in relA and spoT do not affect nutrient fitness or specific growth
rate but do impact motility and biofilm formation capacity between MG1655 and LF82, suggesting
that the role of ppGpp could be determined whether the strain is pathogenic or not. Lastly, the
qPCR results indicate a difference in ppGpp levels, and therefore its regulation, between MG1655
and LF82
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Escheríchia coli
Intestins -- Microbiologia
Escheríchia coli -- Aspectes genètics
Crohn, Malaltia de
Infeccions per escheríchia coli
Escherichia coli
Intestines -- Microbiology
Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects
Crohn's disease
Escherichia coli infections
Caracterització individual de les sintetases de ppGpp RelA i SpoT) en soques adherents invasives d’Escherichia coli (AIEC )
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24319/1/JusticiaKadar.Alex.pdf
File
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JusticiaKadar.Alex.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/243232024-02-06T10:11:22Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
López Vilchez, Àlex
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-06T10:11:22Z
2024-02-06T10:11:22Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24323
Semi-hydrogenation is a very important process in terms of obtaining both Z and E alkenes, so
understanding how it works at an energetic level is key to being able to introduce improvements.
The evolution of a battery of alkynes up to the two possible conformations of the corresponding
alkene will be studied through density functional theory calculations, using the Gaussian16
program. Specifically, the Z and E conformation of alkenes are studied, which means that the
substituents on the carbons of the double bond are in cis or trans form respectively. Structural
and electronic data of the studied species will then be collected, where the steric hindrance of
the different functional groups will also be analysed. Then possible correlations between the
conversion energies of the different structures and different structural and energy descriptors
will be studied, as well as differences between the two isomers of the different alkenes, using
linear and multi-linear regressions with two or three dependent variables
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Alquens
Alquins
Hidrogenació
Alkenes
Alkines
Hydrogenation
Catàlisi predictiva per millorar la semihidrogenació
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24323/1/Lopez.Alex_signed.pdf
File
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Lopez.Alex_signed.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/243342024-02-06T12:30:18Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
López de Recalde Sanfeliu, Laia
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-06T12:30:18Z
2024-02-06T12:30:18Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24334
Ovarian cancer is a significant global health concern affecting women worldwide. Previous
studies have suggested a possible protective effect of oral contraceptives against ovarian cancer,
however, there are still knowledge gaps regarding this relationship and the influence of other
specific factors remains unknown. Considering that no recent systematic review on the topic has
been published, the aim of this study is to summarize the outcomes from updated literature
investigating the potential associations between oral contraceptive use and ovarian cancer risk.
Following the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA) a systematic search of the literature published in the MEDLINE-PubMed database until
December 2022 was conducted. As a result, a total of 38 studies were finally included in this systematic review. The systematic review found evidence supporting a potential protective effect of oral contraceptives against ovarian cancer. Several studies included in the review reported a
decreased risk of ovarian cancer among women who used oral contraceptives compared to nonusers. Additionally, the review identified that the protective effect of oral contraceptives may
vary among different populations or specific subgroups of women. Factors such as geographic
distribution, sample size of the study, age, reproductive and hormonal factors, genetic
predisposition and lifestyle choices may influence the magnitude of the protective effect.
In conclusion, the overall findings of this systematic review suggest that oral contraceptives may
have a beneficial effect in reducing the risk of ovarian cancer. Yet, further research to better
understand the underlying mechanisms and explore the potential interactions with confounding
factors is warranted
eng
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Ovaris -- Càncer
Contraceptius orals
Ovaries -- Cancer
Oral contraceptives
Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives : a systematic review
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24334/1/LopezdeRecaldeSanfeliu.Laia.pdf
File
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LopezdeRecaldeSanfeliu.Laia.pdf
oai:dugi-doc.udg.edu:10256/243362024-02-06T12:38:33Zcom_10256_8023com_10256_2945col_10256_10231RC2openaire_dataRC1CIRAXRC4RC3driveropenaireMD2MD1recolecta
DUGiDocs
author
Tardà Arnal, Marcel
other
Universitat de Girona. Facultat de Ciències
2024-02-06T12:38:33Z
2024-02-06T12:38:33Z
2023-07
http://hdl.handle.net/10256/24336
In the microbial world, one of the most interesting fields to study is extremophilic
microorganisms. These microorganisms live in very particular conditions that are hostile to the
majority of microorganisms, but extremophiles are adapted to these conditions and develop
stable and active communities. These extreme environments can be of many types, including
extreme variations in pH and temperature, high pressures at the ocean floor, or high salinity in
endorheic environments. The latter is the case presented in this work. The objective is to carry out a literature review
within the current scientific literature on the adaptations and modifications of microorganisms
found in hypersaline endorheic environments, which are bodies of water in landlocked basins
with very high salt concentrations. These hypersaline endorheic environments provide a very
interesting, unique, dynamic, and nuanced ecosystem where entire communities from the three
domains of life, namely Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya, thrive. This work presents information about the adaptations and modifications exhibited by halophilic microorganisms (which require a certain amount of salts in their environment to survive) and halotolerant microorganisms (which do not require salts in their environment but can tolerate their presence). The aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how microorganisms
are capable of surviving and proliferating in such extreme environments. This work encompasses
interdisciplinary aspects from different fields of science, such as biology, microbiology, and,
particularly, with a stronger emphasis in this study, biotechnology.
Adaptations to saline environments are highly diverse, ranging from strategies based on osmotic
balance between solutes in the environment and intracellular solutes to prevent cell
dehydration, to structural modifications at the membrane and proteome levels.
Within the modifications and adaptations to hypersaline environments, there are the
production of highly interesting biomolecules for the pharmaceutical and biomedical industries,
offering unique opportunities to explore and delve into the commercial potential of these
microorganisms. Additionally, this work will allow us to visualize how these environments are affected by current
climate emergency conditions, which must be reversed as they can lead us to irreversible and
dire situations
cat
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Medis extrems -- Microbiologia
Extreme environments -- Microbiology
Adaptacions estructurals i funcionals de microorganismes adaptats a ambients endorreics hipersalins
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
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URL
https://dugi-doc.udg.edu/bitstream/10256/24336/1/Tard%C3%A0.Arnal.Marcel.pdf
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