Comprehensive monitoring of the occurrence of 22 drugs of abuse and transformation products in airborne particulate matter in the city of Barcelona
dc.contributor.author
dc.date.accessioned
2016-07-18T07:54:38Z
dc.date.available
2016-07-18T07:54:38Z
dc.date.issued
2015-06-14
dc.identifier.issn
0048-9697
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dc.description.abstract
In recent years monitoring the presence of psychotropic compounds in wastewater has been proposed as a tool to estimate community drug use. Measurement of drugs of abuse (DAs) in airborne particulate is currently being explored as an additional tool to evaluate drug use patterns in time and space, and identify potential emission sources. In this study, we comprehensively monitor the occurrence of 22 licit and illicit DAs and transformation products, belonging to 6 different chemical groups, in airborne particulate matter (PM10) in the city of Barcelona. In order to study spatial and temporal variations, samples were collected from 12 different selected locations on one weekday (Wednesday) and one weekend day (Saturday), during five consecutive weeks. A previously developed analytical methodology, based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) determination, was adapted for analysis of the target compounds with satisfactory performance, ensuring reliability of results. Among the investigated compounds, cannabinol (CBN), cocaine (COC), and methamphetamine (MA) were found to be the most ubiquitous and abundant compounds in PM10 with concentrations ranging from 0.7pg/m<sup>3</sup> (MA) to 6020pg/m<sup>3</sup> (CBN). Significant differences in total DA concentrations in PM10 were observed across sampling days and locations. DA emissions were identified in highly densely populated areas, where popular commercial and nightlife zones are located. Psychoactive effects due to inhalation of measured concentrations are probably negligible; however, potential health effects due to chronic exposure have not been explored yet
dc.description.sponsorship
This work has been financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through the project SCARCE (Consolider- Ingenio 2010 CSD2009-00065) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (Consolidated Research Groups “2014 SGR 418 –Water and Soil Quality Unit” and 2014 SGR 291 – ICRA)
dc.format.mimetype
application/pdf
dc.language.iso
eng
dc.publisher
Elsevier
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info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/MICINN//CSD2009-00065/ES/Evaluación y predicción de los efectos del cambio global en la cantidad y la calidad del agua en ríos ibéricos/
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Reproducció digital del document publicat a: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.027
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© Science of the Total Environment, 2015, vol. 532, p. 344-352
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Articles publicats (ICRA)
dc.rights
Tots els drets reservats
dc.subject
dc.title
Comprehensive monitoring of the occurrence of 22 drugs of abuse and transformation products in airborne particulate matter in the city of Barcelona
dc.type
info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.rights.accessRights
info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.embargo.terms
Cap
dc.date.embargoEndDate
info:eu-repo/date/embargoEnd/2026-01-01
dc.type.version
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.identifier.doi
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dc.relation.ProjectAcronym